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Located between the villages of Craster and Embleton on the northern English coast of Northumberland, Dunstanburgh Castle is a 14th-century stronghold. Utilizing the natural defenses of the site and the pre-existing earthworks of an Iron Age fort, Earl Thomas of Lancaster constructed the castle between 1313 and 1322. As the head of a baronial group hostile to King Edward II, Thomas most likely wanted Dunstanburgh to serve as a safe haven in case the political climate in southern England worsened. The riches and power of the earl were also demonstrated by the castle, which would have prompted comparisons to the nearby royal castle of Bamburgh. Before being captured at the Battle of Boroughbridge while attempting to escape royal soldiers for the safety of Dunstanburgh, Thomas most likely only made one trip to his new castle. Following the execution of Thomas, the castle was owned by the Crown until transferring to the Duchy of Lancaster. Given the threat posed by Scotland and the peasant uprisings of 1381, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, strengthened the defenses of Dunstanburgh in the 1380s. During the Wars of the Roses, the fortress, which was tended by the Crown in the fifteenth century, served as a vital northern bastion in the area and was repeatedly taken over by the opposing Lancastrian and Yorkist groups. These campaign-sieges resulted in the fortress never recovering from it. The military value of the castle gradually declined as the Scottish border stabilized, and in 1604, King James I eventually sold the property to private owners. For several generations, the Grey family held it; as it deteriorated, it became a famous subject for artists such as Thomas Girtin and J. M. W. Turner, and in 1808, Matthew Lewis used it as the inspiration for a poem. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the castle-ownership shifted. By the 1920s, Sir Arthur Sutherland was unable to continue maintaining Dunstanburgh, and in 1930 he placed it under state protection. #History #Architecture #Castles

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