Château Gaillard is a medieval castle ruin overlooking the River Seine abo

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17-Aug-2024 02 am

Château Gaillard is a medieval castle ruin overlooking the River Seine above the commune of Les Andelys, in the French department of Eure, in Normandy. It is located some 95 kilometres north-west of Paris. Construction began in 1196 under the auspices of Richard the Lionheart, who was simultaneously King of England and feudal Duke of Normandy. The castle was expensive to build, but the majority of the work was done in an unusually short period of time. It took just two years and, at the same time, the town of Petit Andely was constructed. Château Gaillard has a complex and advanced design, and uses early principles of concentric fortification; it was also one of the earliest European castles to use machicolations. Richard the Lionheart led the Third Crusade from 1190 to 1192. Philip II of France joined him because they each feared the other would attack their realm while the other was away. On the return trip back to England, Richard was taken prisoner and not released until February 4, 1194. While Richard was away, his brother John rose up in rebellion with help of Philip. During incarceration of Richard, Philip conquered the Norman Vexin and other nearby cities, including Le Vaudreuil, Verneuil, and Évreux. Richard had to wait until 1198 to retake some of it. The castle consists of three enclosures separated by dry moats, with a keep in the inner enclosure. Château Gaillard was captured in 1204 by the king of France, Philip II, after a lengthy siege. In the mid-14th century, the castle was the residence of the exiled David II of Scotland. The castle changed hands several times in the Hundred Years War, but in 1449 the French king captured Château Gaillard from the English king definitively, and from then on it remained in French ownership. Henry IV of France ordered the demolition of Château Gaillard in 1599; although it was in ruins at the time, it was felt to be a threat to the security of the local population. The castle ruins are listed as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. The inner bailey is open to the public from March to November, and the outer baileys are open all year. #Castles #History #Architecture

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