The sole surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded structure in Armenia is the Garni

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10-Oct-2024 05 pm

The sole surviving Greco-Roman colonnaded structure in Armenia is the Garni Temple. Approximately 30 kilometers east of Yerevan, near the town of Garni in central Armenia, is this Ionic-ordered structure. It is the most well-known building and representation of pre-Christian Armenia. According to some accounts, it is the sole surviving Greco-Roman temple in the former Soviet Union and the easternmost structure in the entire Greco-Roman world. As a temple dedicated to the sun god Mihr, the building was most likely constructed in the first century AD by King Tiridates I. It was transformed into a royal summer residence for Khosrovidukht, sister of Tiridates III, following the conversion of Armenia to Christianity at the beginning of the fourth century. Some academics claim that because it was a tomb rather than a temple, it was able to withstand the destruction of pagan structures. In the earthquake of 1679, it collapsed. Excavations were conducted at the site in the early and mid-20th centuries due to resurgence of interest in the 19th century. The site was eventually rebuilt using the anastylosis process between 1969 and 1975. It is the principal shrine of Hetanism, or Armenian neopaganism, and one of the most popular tourist destinations in Armenia. The widely held belief, particularly in Armenian history, dates the construction of the temple to 77 AD and gives credit to King Tiridates I. Based on a Greek inscription identifying Tiridates the Sun or Helios Tiridates as the temple-founder, the date is determined. The temple is generally thought to have been devoted to Mihr, the sun deity who is the counterpart of Mithra in Armenian mythology that was influenced by Zoroastrianism. Like past Armenian kings, Tiridates regarded Mihr as his patron. Moreover, in 2011 sculptures made of white marble depicting bull hooves were found around 20 meters from the temple; these may be the remains of a sculpture of Mihr, who was frequently seen fighting a bull. The construction date is derived from journey of Tiridates to Rome in 66 AD, when he was crowned by Roman Emperor Nero as a result of a peace pact that put an end to the war with Parthia over Armenia during 58–63 AD. In order to reconstruct Artaxata, which the Roman general Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo had devastated, Nero offered Tiridates 50 million drachmas in addition to Roman artisans. Tiridates started a significant renovation effort after his return to Armenia, which included erecting the Garni fortress. It is believed that the temple was constructed at this time. #History #Architecture

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