Along with the basilica and triumphal arch, the amphitheatre was the only s

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Along with the basilica and triumphal arch, the amphitheatre was the only significant new construction type created by the Romans. Amphitheatres, of which there are over 200 known and many of which are in good preservation, like the one at Arles and its progenitor, the Colosseum in Rome, are among the most striking examples of secular architecture. They were used for public contests, public shows, gladiatorial matches, and bullfights—a custom that is still practiced in Portugal and Spain. They can be distinguished from Roman theaters, which are roughly semicircular in shape, from circuses, whose much longer circuits were primarily intended for horse or chariot racing events, and from smaller stadia, which were primarily intended for athletics and footraces, by their characteristic shape, functions, and name. The first Roman amphitheaters date to the middle of the first century BC, but the majority were constructed between 27 BC and 14 AD during the Augustan era, when Imperial Rome was in power. Throughout the Roman Empire, monumental amphitheatres were constructed. The biggest could hold between 40,000 and 60,000 people, and the most ornate ones had multi-story arcaded façades with intricate marble, stucco, and statue decorations. Following the abolition of animal killings in the sixth century and gladiatorial contests in the fifth, the majority of amphitheaters were abandoned and their materials were recycled or mined. While some were destroyed, others were fortified. A handful persisted as practical public gathering spots; churches were situated in some of these. In terms of architecture, they are usually an illustration of how the Romans used the classical orders to decorate massive concrete walls that are periodically perforated, in situations when the columns are unsupported. But in terms of appearance, the recipe works well. #History #Architecture

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