A castle in Ivangorod, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, is known as the Ivangorod

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30-May-2024 04 am

A castle in Ivangorod, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, is known as the Ivangorod Fortress. It dates back to the fifteenth century. It is situated across from the Estonian city of Narva on the east bank of the Narva River, which serves as the present international border between Russia and Estonia. Constructed in opposition to the formidable Teutonic Hermann Castle, the Ivangorod Fortress was built in 1492 under the reign of Ivan III with the dual goals of reinforcing the access of Muscovy to the Baltic Sea and serving as a barrier against the Teutonic Order. The fort-walls were steadily strengthened and extended as it eventually gave rise to the settlement of Ivangorod. In 1492, the original castle was built in a single summer. It bears the name of Grand Prince Ivan III of Moscow. Its aim was to repel the Knights of Livonian. The walls of the strictly quadrilateral fortress are 14 meters high. Later in the year, Mikhail Klyapin and Prince Ivan Gundar led the Muscovite army that reclaimed Ivangorod from the Livonian Order. To reclaim the castle, restore it, and erect new barracks and stronger bastions, three thousand troops arrived. The area around the castle saw continual fighting for over a decade. The surrounding land and the fortification were frequently turned over. The castle underwent numerous reconstructions and fortifications, becoming as one of the most formidable defensive constructions of the sixteenth century. Up until the seventeenth century, the castle was under construction, becoming into a massive, multi-layered stronghold. As technology advanced after the early 1700s, the military function of the fortress decreased. An assessment of the fortifications in this region conducted in 1728 found that the construction had been disregarded and had a low fighting effectiveness. An order was made to restore the Ivangorod stronghold, but following an assessment in 1738, it was determined that the castle was insufficient for defense. The fortification had some renovations around 1840, and other upgrades were made in 1863 and 1911–1914. On February 25, 1918, the Germans took control of the fortification during World War I. The stronghold served as a transit camp between 1920 and 1921 for former POWs being sent back to Russia and Germany. Following the 1940 invasion by USSR and annexation of Estonia, the castle saw two periods of rule during World War II: the USSR from 1940 to 1941 and Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1944. Nazi Germany created two prisoner centers within the fortress and left many of its structures damaged following their evacuation. From January 1945, the Ivangorod stronghold was moved from Narva to the Kingiseppsky District of Leningrad Oblast, when Soviet authorities declared the Narva River to be the new administrative border between the Estonian SSR and Russian SFSR. The town and fortress stayed with the Russian SFSR in August 1991 with the establishment of the independent Republic of Estonia, and later with the Russian Federation following the disintegration of the Soviet Union in December 1991. The fortification is now used as a museum. #History #Architecture #Castles

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