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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
06-May-2024 05 am  

The very well preserved Greek temple devoted to Hephaestus is the Temple of Hephaestus, and it is still almost completely intact today. Situated atop the Agoraios Kolonos hill, to the northwest of Agora of Athens, is a Doric peripteral temple. It functioned as Greek Orthodox church of Saint George Akamates from the 7th century until 1834. The history of the building for its various uses has contributed to its maintained state. Hephaestus was the deity of fire, workmanship, and metalworking. The area around the temple was dotted with metal-working and establishments of the potters, fitting for the honour of the temple. The monument known as the Theseion, or Temple of Theseus, was given this name in the present day due to the misconception that it contained the bones of the Athenian hero Theseus, who was brought upon the city from the island of Skyros by Kimon in 475 BCE. However, this was disproved when inscriptions found inside the temple strongly linked it to Hephaestus. Following the battle of Plataea, the Greeks vowed to leave their temples in ruins as a constant reminder of the conflict, rather than rebuilding the sanctuaries that the Persians had devastated during their invasion of Greece. The Athenians instead used their money to bolster their position in the Delian League and to reconstruct their economy. Upon assuming power, Pericles had a vision for turning Athens into the epicenter of Greek culture and authority. Although work on the structure began in 449 BCE, some academics estimate that it took an additional thirty years to finish because resources and labor were diverted to the Parthenon. The eastern frieze, the western pediment, and several internal building modifications are dated by these scholars to 435–430 BCE, primarily on aesthetic grounds. The western frieze finished between 445–440 BCE, over which period the statue of Athena Hephaistia had been introduced to the shrine adjacent to the cult statue of Hephaestus. Only between 421 and 415 BCE, during the Peace of Nicias, was the roof finished and the cult icons erected. A modest garden including pomegranate, myrtle and laurel trees and shrubs was grown around the temple during the 3rd century BCE. The temple would have been eventually shut down in the late Roman Empire when pagans were persecuted. #History #Architecture

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