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Located in Rome, Italy, the Temple of Saturn was an antiquated Roman temple dedicated to the god Saturn. At the westernmost point of the Roman Forum, its ruins are situated at the base of the Capitoline Hill. The original consecration of the temple is typically dated to 497 BC, yet the history of this location has long been disputed by ancient writers. Under Tarquinius Superbus, the temple-construction is believed to have started in the last years of the Roman Empire. After the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus, it was inaugurated by the consul Titus Larcius during the early years of the Republic, making it the oldest Republican temple. Standing at the entrance of the temple, the altar of Saturn is believed to have been far more ancient and linked to establishment of the Capitoline Hill city by Saturn. Munatius Plancus rebuilt the temple from the ground up in 42 BC. Built following a fire in 360 AD, the Temple of Saturn is now in ruins, representing the third phase of its construction. The inscription that remains on the frieze honors this post-fire renovation. This reconstruction from the late 4th century is indicative of the pagan revivalism of the era. During the oppression of pagans in the late Roman Empire, the temple would have been shut down. Saturn reigned during the Golden Age of Roman mythology and remained a symbol of riches. The aerarium, or treasury, which held the gold and silver deposits of the Roman Republic, was placed in his temple. There were also government archives, authorized gauge for weighing metals, and emblems kept there. Afterwards, the archives were relocated to the adjacent Tabularium and the aerarium was moved to a new structure. Bills were posted on the travertine-covered concrete platform that served as the temple. The statue of the God within was cloaked and had a scythe, based on earlier cult representations of the deity. The picture was filled with oil and constructed of wood. Wool bands were placed over the legs, and they were only taken off on December 17, the day of Saturnalia. Family members shared gifts on this festive day. #History #Architecture

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