Hermann Castle, sometimes referred to as the Narva fortress or the Narva ca

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Hermann Castle, sometimes referred to as the Narva fortress or the Narva castle, is a medieval stronghold located in the northern Estonian city of Narva. Around 1256, while the region was a part of the Danish Realm, the castle was built. At the start of the 14th century, the first fortifications made completely of stone were constructed. August 1346 saw the castle purchased by the Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order, who would go on to own it for the most of its subsequent existence. After capturing northern Estonia in the thirteenth century, the Kingdom of Denmark created a border fortification in the middle of the 13th century, first constructing it out of wood near the junction of the Narva River and an old road. With the stronghold providing protection, the older community grew into the town of Narva, which in the first half of the fourteenth century was granted town rights of Lübeck. In the early 14th century, the Danish kings began constructing a stone fortress as a border fortification after multiple battles with the nearby East Slavic republics of Novgorod and Pskov. At first, it was a little, castellum-shaped structure with 40-meter-tall sides and a tower at its northwest corner that was the forerunner of the Hermann Tower today. Since the town of Narva was not encircled by a wall during Danish rule, a small forecourt was constructed at the north side of the base at the outset of the fourteenth century, and in the middle of the century, a large forecourt was developed on the west side. Here, citizens were permitted to hide in case of war. The Livonian Order purchased northern Estonia, including Narva, from King Valdemar IV of Denmark in 1346. The Order renovated the structure into a convent building that suited their requirements. With its colossal wings and central courtyard, the castle has largely maintained its original layout. The Livonian Order also finished the Hermann Tower, which was made necessary by construction of the Ivangorod fortification by Muscovite Russia on the other side of the Narva River in 1492. The settlement was encircled by a fortified wall built by the Order, but it has not survived. Four gates are mentioned as being on the wall. Drawbridges stood in front of the gates, which were covered with iron plates. The town wall was bordered by a moat and measured about one kilometer in length. It was defended with a minimum of seven towers. The town wall was reinforced towards the end of the reign of the Livonian Order in the sixteenth century, and several wall towers were modified to serve as unique cannon towers or rondels. Two of these can still be seen today in the recreated form in the corners of the western court of the castle. #Castles #History #Architecture

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