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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
04-May-2024 04 am  

The Templo de Diana, also known as the Roman Temple of Évora, is a historic temple located in the Portuguese city of Évora. The temple is a component of the historic city-core, which UNESCO has designated as a World Heritage Site. It is one of the most important sites connected to the Portuguese and Roman civilizations in Évora and the Lusitanian region. The temple is thought to have been built in honor of Augustus, who was worshipped as a god both during and after his reign, sometime in the first century CE. Originally known as Liberalitas Iulia, the temple was constructed in largest public square of Evora. According to the commonly recognized chronology, the temple underwent structural modifications in the second and third century as part of a significant reconfiguration of the urban metropolis, when religious observance and political administration were centered on the central plaza. The Germanic invaders destroyed the temple in the fifth century. According to Fernão Lopes, the temple was in ruins and that its area was used as a stronghouse for the fortress of the town in the fourteenth century. Portuguese King Afonso V gave Soeiro Mendes permission to remove stones from the building in 1467 so that it may be used for defense and construction. During the Middle Ages, a tower of the Castle of Évora was built using the remnants of the temple. The temple-turned-tower was utilized as a butcher shop from the fourteenth century until 1836; this novel use of the temple structure helped protect its ruins from total collapse. The base, columns, and architraves of the temple were maintained imbedded in the walls of the medieval edifice. James Murphy recreated the form of the temple for the first time in 1789. The building still featured the pyramidal merlons that were typical of the Arabic constructions built around the colonnade after the Reconquista at the start of the nineteenth century. It stopped being a butchershop in 1836. Cunha Rivara, who was the director of Public Library of Evora at the time, received permission from the Portuguese Inquisition in 1840 to dispose of the structures attached to the monument. These houses were attached to the northern façade of the temple. These buildings were destroyed, and Portugal saw the start of the largest-scale archaeological dig. In 1869, Augusto Filipe Simões argued in favor of restoring the original façade of the Roman temple and suggested that the medieval buildings be urgently demolished. The remnants of the medieval constructions were eventually destroyed three years later, under the supervision of Italian architect Giuseppe Cinatti, and a restoration scheme that was keeping with the Romantic ideas of the time was executed.     #History #Architecture

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