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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
02-May-2024 01 am  

In Jerash, Jordan, there is a Roman peripteral temple called the Temple of Artemis. Located in the center of the ancient city, the temple was constructed between the two tallest terraces of the sanctuary. One of the most impressive structures still standing in the Roman East and the old city of Gerasa is the temple. The patron goddess of the city, Artemis, was the Hellenistic interpretation of a native goddess who was probably revered before the Greek colonists arrived and brought the cult of Zeus Olympios to the city. Few inscriptions provide proof of an earlier Artemis sanctuary. Building on a new, larger sanctuary began in the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba uprising in AD 136. The temple was never finished, although the propylaeum was finished in AD 150, during the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius. There were intended to be six by eleven columns in the portico around the cella; however, only eleven of the 13.20 m-tall columns in the pronaos remain. The contractor Hygeinos, who was in charge of carving the column bases, shafts, and caps, signed the exceptionally well-preserved Corinthian capitals. Pieces of verde antico floor slab and the holes left by the clamps in the walls both attest to the polychrome marble cladding in the interior of the cella. There are two staircases that lead to the roof of the temple, a level area that is presumably utilized for ceremonies by the devotees. Edicts from the emperors outlawed the practices of pagan cults at the end of the fourth century. The whole marble cella cladding of the Artemis temple was removed, and the corniche of the gate was disassembled and rebuilt with simple jambs. The cella was transformed into a public reception area and covered in a polychrome mosaic floor. When the ceiling of the cella collapsed in the sixth century, the entire structure was altered, becoming a private residence fortress in the midst of a large artisanal district that took up the upper terrace of the sanctuary. The temple-buildings survived the 749 AD earthquake. #History #Architecture

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