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The fifth-smallest nation in the world and an Italian territory in Southern Europe is San Marino, also known as the Republic of San Marino. San Marino is a landlocked nation, but its northeastern tip lies only ten kilometres from the Adriatic coast of Italy, where the city of Rimini is located. Italy is where the closest airport is located. The largest community in the nation is Dogana, which is a part of Serravalle, the largest municipality, while the City of San Marino, the capital, is perched on Monte Titano. Italian is the official tongue of San Marino. Saint Marinus, a stonemason from the then-Roman island of Rab in modern-day Croatia, is from whom the nation derives its name. Marinus, who was born in the year 275 AD, took part in the restoration of the city walls of Rimini after Liburnian pirates destroyed them. San Marino claims to be the oldest constitutional republic and the oldest existent sovereign state since Marinus went on to build an autonomously governed monastic colony on Monte Titano in AD 301. The Grand and General Council, the democratically elected legislature of San Marino, is required by its constitution to choose two heads of state every six months. The two chiefs of state, referred to as Captains Regent, hold equal authority for the duration of their six-month terms and serve simultaneously. The financial sector, industry, services, retail, and tourism make up the bulk of the national economy. With a GDP per capita that is similar to the most prosperous European regions, it is one of the richest nations in the world. San Marino, which was ranked 43rd on the Human Development Index in 2022, was also the first state to abolish the death sentence. Because of an agreement with the European Union Council, San Marino, a developed nation, is permitted to use the euro as its currency despite not being a member of the EU. It is also permitted to use its own designs on the national side of the euro coins. The Sammarinese lira was linked to and convertible into the Italian lira prior to the introduction of the euro. Mostly marketed to philatelists, postal stamps of San Marinoare a substantial source of revenue and are valid for mail sent within the nation. #History

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