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12-May-2026 12 pm
 

Rājarāja I, also referred to as Rajaraja the Great, was a great Hindu emperor of the Chola dynasty who ruled from 985 to 1014. A.D. He is recognized for his military campaigns in southern India and the Anuradhapura kingdom of Sri Lanka, as well as for enhancing Chola influence throughout the Indian Ocean. The empire of Rajaraja encompassed extensive territories, extending his reach over key islands such as Lakshadweep, the Thiladhunmadulu atoll, and portions of the Maldives in the Indian Ocean. A devotee of the Shaivite sect of Hinduism, Rajaraja referred to himself as Shivapada Shekhara, which translates to the one who places his crown at the feet of Lord Shiva. He commissioned the construction of the Rajarajeshwaram Temple in the Chola capital of Thanjavur, which is esteemed as one of the most significant examples of medieval South Indian architectural style. Furthermore, during his reign, he oversaw the collection and compilation of important Tamil literary works by poets such as Appar, Sambandar, and Sundarar into a single anthology known as the Thirumurai. In 1000, he initiated a land survey and assessment project that resulted in the reorganization of Tamil country into distinct units called valanadus. Rajaraja passed away in 1014 and was succeeded by his son, Rajendra Chola I. In 1010 A.D., he constructed the Peruvudaiyar Temple in Thanjavur, dedicating it to Shiva. This temple and the capital served as hubs of both religious and economic activity. The temple is among the largest in India and exemplifies Dravidian architecture from the Chola period. Together with the Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple and the Airavatesvara temple, the Peruvudaiyar temple is included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Rajaraja enhanced the local self-governments and established a system of audit and oversight that ensured accountability for village assemblies and other public entities, all while preserving their independence. In order to foster trade, he dispatched the inaugural Chola mission to China. Additionally, his elder sister Kundavai played a significant role in supporting him with the administration and management of temples. #History

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