Roxana, also referred to as Roxanne, Roxanna, and Roxane, was a princess of

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12-Jun-2026 01 am

Roxana, also referred to as Roxanne, Roxanna, and Roxane, was a princess of Bactria or Sogdiana who became the wife of Alexander the Great following his invasion of Persia and the subsequent conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. She was the daughter of Oxyartes, a nobleman and satrap of Bactria and Sogdia. Although the precise date of her birth remains uncertain, she was of childbearing age by 326 BC, indicating that she was born prior to 336 BC. After the capture of Bessus by Alexander, Oxyartes and his family retreated northward, continuing to resist the Macedonian invasion. Together with the Sogdian warlord Spitamenes, they established a defensive stronghold at a location known as the Sogdian Rock. Ultimately, they were defeated by the Macedonian forces. Following this defeat, Alexander attended a celebration where he reportedly fell in love with Roxana at first sight. According to Arrian, Oxyartes surrendered to Alexander upon realizing the favorable treatment Alexander extended to his daughter. The marriage between Roxana and Alexander occurred in 327 BC, and most sources indicate that the ceremony adhered to Macedonian customs rather than Persian ones. It is widely acknowledged that Alexander was deeply enamored with her; however, given the challenges he faced in subduing Sogdiana, his choice to marry Roxana may have also been influenced by the potential benefits of a political alliance, as the Bactrian and Sogdian forces became more loyal to him thereafter. Despite opposition from his companions, who favored a Macedonian or Greek queen, Alexander wed Roxana. He subsequently launched an expedition into India, during which he appointed Oxyartes as the governor of the Hindu Kush region adjacent to India. As noted in the Metz Epitome, Roxana accompanied Alexander to India, where their first-born son tragically passed away in infancy near the Acesines River in November 326 BC, an event that is widely accepted as factual by historians. The Alexander Romance claims that the child passed away at nine months and was named after his father. After the death of Alexander, Roxana gave birth to a son, Alexander IV, in 323 BC. However, by 317 BC, the young Alexander lost his claim to the throne due to the machinations initiated by Eurydice II, wife of Philip Arrhidaeus. Subsequently, Roxana and her son were safeguarded by Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great, in Macedonia. Following the assassination of Olympias in 316 BC, Cassander imprisoned Roxana and her son in the citadel of Amphipolis. This imprisonment was denounced by the Macedonian general Antigonus in 315 BC. In 311 BC, a peace agreement between Antigonus and Cassander affirmed the kingship of Alexander IV while also designating Cassander as his guardian, after which the Macedonians called for his release. Nevertheless, Cassander instructed Glaucias of Macedon to execute Alexander and Roxana. It is believed that they were killed in the spring of 310 BC, although their deaths were kept secret until the summer. Their murders occurred after the assassination of Heracles, a son bore by Barsine, mistress of Alexander the Great, marking the conclusion of the Argead dynasty. #History

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