From 1503 to 1702, the Polish Hussars, sometimes known as the Winged Hussars, were a heavy cavalry corps that served in Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Their name derives from the size of their rear wings, which were used to intimidate foes during charges. Up until their official disbandment in 1776, the hussars were considered the pinnacle of Polish cavalry. The showy hussar uniform included burgonet or lobster-tailed pot helmets, jackboots, lances, koncerz, sabres, backswords, pistols, maces, and hatchets in addition to plated body armor embellished with gold embellishments. It was typical for it to be girded with tanned animal skin and to retain a red and white color pattern. The angel-like frame was attached to the armor or saddle, and the wings were customarily made from raptor feathers. Early Hussars were mercenary Serbian warriors who fled to Poland from Hungary in the early 16th century. They were light cavalry formations. The reforms of King Stephen Bathory, which took place between 1576 and 1586, led to the official adoption of the unit by the Polish military, which then converted it into heavy shock cavalry by enlisting members of the Polish nobility. The light, unarmored hussars that emerged at the same time outside of Poland are very different from the Polish hussar. In particular, the Battles of Kircholm (1605), Klushino (1610), and Khotyn (1673) demonstrated the effectiveness of the hussar formation against Swedish, Russian, and Ottoman armies. At the Siege of Vienna in 1683, when hussar banners took part in the biggest cavalry charge in history and successfully resisted the Ottoman assault, their military prowess reached its apogee. From their final battle, the Battle of Kliszów, in 1702, until 1776, the outmoded hussars were degraded and mostly allocated to ceremonial duties
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