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Unbelievable Speed 2023





 

Unbelievable Speed 2023

Unbelievable Speed 2023





@Old World
30-Nov-2022 05 am
 

The contemporary archaeological name for a Bronze Age civilization in Central Asia is the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex or Oxus Civilization, which was lately dated to 2250–1700 BCE. The majority of the urban centres of BMAC are actually found in Margiana i.e. in current-day Turkmenistan, on the Murghab river delta and in the Kopet Dagh mountain range, despite the fact that it may be called the Oxus Civilization, and that it appears to have been concentrated on the upper Amu Darya or in Bactria. In northern Bactria, which is now known as southern Uzbekistan, there are a sime late archaeological sites between 1950–1450 BCE, although these are largely graveyards associated with the Sapalli culture, which is related to the BMAC. In southern Bactria, which is currently part of northern Afghanistan, there is only one BMAC site, known as Dashli. Even though they are contemporaneous with the major BMAC sites in Margiana, the sites located further east in southeastern Tajikistan are merely cemeteries with no related urban upgradation. The area, originally known by the name Bakhdi in Old Persian, later came to constitute the Persian satrapy of Marguš, whose power-center was in Merv, in present-day southeast Turkmenistan. In Middle Persian, it was known as Bāxtriš, and in New Persian, as Baxl. The area was also referred to as बाह्लीक or Bāhlīka in ancient Sanskrit writings. The residents of BMAC were stationary individuals who engaged in wheat and barley irrigated farming. The complex displays many of the characteristics of civilization with their spectacular material culture, which includes monumental buildings, bronze tools, ceramics, and jewellery made of semiprecious stones. Some scholars have suggested that the Bactria-Margiana complex may have actually been a literary civilization after the unearthing of a solo small stone seal with geometric marks from the BMAC site at Anau in Turkmenistan in 2000 (A.D). BMAC components have been discovered in the Persian Gulf, the Iranian Plateau and in the Indus Valley civilization. Altyn-Depe and the Indus Valley appear to have had a particularly close association. Two Harappan seals and other ivory items were discovered among the artifacts. Shortugai, a Harappan settlement in northern Afghanistan on the banks of the Amu Darya, most likely functioned as a trading post. There is proof of ongoing communication between the BMAC and the northern Eurasian steppes, which increased around 2000 BCE. Individuals whose remains match those of the nomadic people of the Andronovo culture channelled the waters of Amu Darya for irrigated agriculture in the delta where it empties into the Aral Sea. It has been suggested that a Proto-Indo-Iranian substratum represents the initial language of the BMAC. In addition, it was noted that Vedic Sanskrit contains a greater number of words that appear to have been part of the same language and are only attested in Indo-Aryan. It is explained by suggesting that speakers of Indo-Aryan likely served as the forerunners of the expansion into south-central Asia and that many of the BMAC loanwords that entered Iranian may have been transmitted via Indo-Aryan. [Information and Image Credit: Bactria–Margiana_Archaeological_Complex, Wikipedia] [Image: BMAC and Yaz cultures are often been associated with Indo-Iranian Migrations] [Image Availed Under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported ; Wikipedia-Image-Author : user:Dbachmann ; (Please Also Relate to Individual Image URL for More Usage Property)] [License-Link:  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en ] [Source Image URL :  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indo-Iranian_origins.png ]












 




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