In the Middle-earth imagined by J. R. R. Tolkien, Rivendell is a valley that serves as both a cosy haven and a fantastical Elvish otherworld. As the starting point of the quest to destroy the One Ring, it plays a significant role in both The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. The tranquilly of Rivendell may have contributed to hte appeal of the Lord of the Rings during the turbulent and war-exhausted 1960s. According to academics, Rivendell was the birthplace of Elven song, from the hymn to Elbereth to the intricate Song of Eärendil with its variety of poetic forms. Others have claimed that it visually reminds them of the Lauterbrunnen Valley of Switzerland where Tolkien went hiking in 1911 and resembles the Celtic Otherworld of Tír na nÓg. The English word Rivendell is a literal translation from the Sindarin Imladris, which both mean — Deep Valley. Riven"meaning Split or Cloven and Dell meaning Valley - two English words, combine to produce the name Rivendell. One of the primary routes to Rivendell originates from the neighbouring Ford of Bruinen. Rivendell was located in eastern Eriador at the very edge of a thin gorge of the river Bruinen, well concealed in the moorlands and foothills of the Hithaeglir or Misty Mountains. It was kept in mind that Rivendell remained a valley secluded from the High Pass route. Incidentally Rivendell, like Hobbiton, was located at the same latitude as Oxford is, the workplace of Tolkien. Following the devastation of the Elvish country of Eregion by the dark lord Sauron, Rivendell was established during the Second Age. In fact, Rivendell maintained its own calendar and was the only Elven town in eastern Eriador. Gil-galad gave Elrond the Ring Vilya, which granted him the ability to guard Rivendell and control and slow time as it is in its hidden valley. The region of Lauterbrunnen in Switzerland, where Tolkien had gone hiking, may have served as the inspiration for Rivendell. Throughout the legendarium, Rivendell has consistently been portrayed as a haven, a place that gave the impression of home.
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