Approximately five centuries before the advent of the Christian era, there

Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things

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@Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things
03-Apr-2026 04 am

Approximately five centuries before the advent of the Christian era, there are numerous mentions of a group known for their considerable strength and influence in the unexplored regions of Central Europe. This group is referred to by the Greeks as the Hyperboreans or Celts, with the latter designation first appearing in the writings of the geographer Hecatæsus around 500 B.C. Herodotus, writing about fifty years later, describes the Celts as residing beyond the pillars of Hercules—specifically in Spain—and notes that the Danube River originates in their territory. Aristotle was aware that they lived beyond Spain, that they had taken control of Rome, and that they placed significant value on military prowess. Hellanicus of Lesbos, a historian from the fifth century B.C., characterizes the Celts as adherents of justice and righteousness. The fifth and fourth centuries B.C. represent the Golden Age of Celtic civilization in Continental Europe. During this era, the Celts engaged in three major and victorious military campaigns. Around 500 B.C., they successfully seized Spain from the Carthaginians. A century later, they were involved in the conquest of Northern Italy from the Etruscans, settling in substantial numbers in the region later known as Cisalpine Gaul. By the late fourth century, they had invaded Pannonia, defeating the Illyrians. All these military endeavors were conducted in alliance with the Greeks, with whom the Celts maintained amicable relations during this time. The conflict with the Carthaginians dismantled their monopoly over the tin trade with Britain and the silver trade with the Spanish miners, while the overland route through France to Britain, for which the Phocæans established the port of Marseilles in Six Hundred B.C., was firmly secured for Greek commerce. During this period, Greeks and Celts were united against the Phoenicians and Persians. These facts indicate that Celtica significantly contributed to the preservation of the Greek form of civilization, preventing it from being dominated by the aggression of the East, and thereby sustaining the invaluable essence of freedom and humane culture in Europe. The alliance persisted and may have become more formalized during the era of Alexander. Prior to embarking on his campaign in Asia in 334 B.C., Alexander established an agreement with the Celts residing near the Ionian Gulf to protect his Greek territories from potential assaults during his absence.

[Text-Information-Source: Myths & Legends of the Celtic Race by T. W. Rolleston (1857-1920)][The book is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations.] [Image: AI generated art of Celtic Druids] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]