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@Historical Events
09-Jul-2026 11 am

Aramazd served as the principal and creator deity within the Armenian interpretation of Zoroastrianism, holding significant importance in the Armenian pantheon prior to the conversion of the nation to Christianity. His name and essence were derived from Ahura Mazda, the Zoroastrian god. Aramazd was perceived as a benevolent god associated with fertility, rain, and abundance, and was recognized as the progenitor of other deities, including Anahit, Mihr, and Nane. Similar to Ahura Mazda, Aramazd was often regarded as the father of the pantheon, typically without a consort, although he was sometimes considered the husband of Anahit or Spandaramet. The name Aramazd represents the Parthian adaptation of Ahura Mazda. The initial merging of the two terms, Ahura Mazda, is documented in the Old Persian section of the Behistun Inscription, which was inscribed by Darius the Great, the Achaemenid King of Kings, between 522 and 486 BC, where he refers to the deity as Auramazdāha. Avestan texts continued to utilize a two-word spelling of the name, a form that may have been accepted in Armenia. The principal deities of the Armenian pantheon included Aramazd, Mihr, Anahit, Vahagn, and Tir. Subsequent efforts were made to reform the pantheon, potentially condensing it to three primary deities: Aramazd, Anahit, and Vahagn. The principal sanctuary dedicated to Aramazd was situated in Kamax, located in northern Armenia, while another sanctuary was found in Bagavan, close to the political center of the Ararat Plain. In Zoroastrian belief, Ahura Mazda is recognized as the creator of wealth, leading Armenians to revere Aramazd as the bestower of parart-utiwn, a term borrowed from Iranian that signifies fatness and abundance. A notable characteristic of Parthian Zoroastrianism was the presence of cult statues representing the gods, a practice that was emulated by the Armenians. Furthermore, Aramazd was associated with the Greek deity Zeus, with the two often being equated through interpretatio Graeca, sharing specific titles that denote greatness, bravery, or strength. Scholarly discourse has revealed some contention regarding the connections among Aramazd, Amanor, and Vanatur; however, the prevailing evidence suggests that Vanatur, or Lord of the Van, served as a designation for the principal deity. Furthermore, Amanor functioned as both a general term denoting the new year and a title for the deity associated with the festivities of that occasion. It was the appearance of the Medes in Armenia that led to gradual promotion of Aramazd there. #History

This article uses text information from the Wikipedia article – Aramazd – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramazd ] which is released under the -- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License – [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )] and additional terms may apply. [List of Principal Authors (5 or less) of the Wikipedia-Article on the date of this Article being Created in this Website: - HistoryofIran, Ian. thomson, Hayq11, Nakhararakan, LouisAragon] [Use the following Authorship tool to find out the author contributions:- https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship ] [The Current Article on this Website has been paraphrased from the above linked corresponding Wikipedia-Article and You may redistribute this, verbatim or modified, provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )]

This article also uses an image from the Wikipedia article – Aramazd -- [Wikipedia-Article-Link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramazd ] [Image: Painting of Aramazd (1939) by Josef Rotter; Wikipedia-Image-Author : Magazine in Yerevan] [Wikipedia-Image-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aramazd_painting_by_Josef_Roter.jpg ] [Image Availed Under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license;] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ] [You may copy, distribute and transmit the work (image) or share (alike) the work (image), provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license or other compatible license in distribution] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [Contents on Wikipedia is covered by -- Disclaimer – Wikipedia-Disclaimer-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer ] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
23-Jun-2026 04 am

The Königsberg Castle served as a landmark for Königsberg, Germany, the capital of East Prussia, which later became Kaliningrad, Russia since 1946. The castle stood where an Old Prussian fort called Tuwangste once stood close to the Pregel River at a crucial crossing point in Prussian territory. Three Prussian villages in the area were later named —Löbenicht, Sackheim, and Tragheim. The Teutonic Knights replaced the Prussian fort with a temporary one made of earthworks and timber after capturing the area in 1255. By 1257, a brand-new Ordensburg castle made of stone was being built. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, the castle underwent numerous rounds of significant expansion and refortification. The Teutonic Order Grandmasters lived in the fortification, which eventually evolved into a castle, and Prussian emperors later made it their home. The splendid palace is described in the 1815 Encyclopaedia Britannica as having a handsome library and a hall that is 83.5 meters long and 18 meters wide without supports to support it. With 284 steps up to the summit and a height of almost 100 meters, the gothic tower of the castle offered panoramic views. This enormous structure, which was surrounded by a sizable quadrangle and was located virtually in the middle of the city, was once the headquarters of the Teutonic Order. In the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, it was expanded and changed. On the Schloßkirche, often known as the palace church, on the west wing, Frederick I was crowned in 1701 and William I in 1861. The Order of the arms of Black Eagle members were inscribed on the walls and columns. The 83 m long and 18 m tall Moscowiter-Saal was located above the church. The apartments of Hohenzollerns and the Prussia Museum were both accessible to the general public every day up until the end of World War II. The museum housed numerous paintings by the artist Lovis Corinth as well as 240,000 exhibits from the Prussian collection, a collection from the Königsberg State and University Library, and more. #History #Architecture #Castles

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This article also uses an image from the Wikipedia article – Königsberg_Castle – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle ] [Image: Königsberger Schloss und Kaiser-Wilhelm-Denkmal in Königsberg (Preußen) (heute Kaliningrad, Russland) (Date: between 1894 and 1900); Wikipedia-Image-Author: Unknown author] [Wikipedia-Image-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:K%C3%B6nigsberg_Castle.jpg ] [This work is from the Detroit Publishing Co. collection at the Library of Congress. According to the library, there are no known copyright restrictions on the use of this work. Most of the images in this collection were published before 1931 and are therefore in the public domain in the United States. A few images were published after this date and may be restricted by copyright. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1931. The author of this image from Switzerland is unknown, and the image was published at least 70 years ago. It is therefore in the public domain in Switzerland by virtue of Art. 31 of the Swiss Copyright Act.] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [Contents on Wikipedia is covered by – Disclaimer – Wikipedia-Disclaimer-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer ] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Historical Events
31-May-2026 03 am

Eleftheria i Thanatos -- Freedom or Death -- was the slogan of Greek War of Independence and later became the national motto of Greece. The Greek War of Independence, often referred to as the Greek Revolution or the Greek Revolution of 1821, was a successful conflict for independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire from 1821 to 1829. This war resulted in the establishment of modern Greece, which would later expand to its present dimensions. The revolution is celebrated by the Greek diaspora as Independence Day on March 25. In 1826, the Greeks received support from the British Empire, the Kingdom of France, and the Russian Empire, while the Ottomans were backed by their vassals, particularly the Eyalet of Egypt. All Greek territories, with the exception of the Ionian Islands, fell under Ottoman control during the fifteenth century, particularly in the years surrounding the Fall of Constantinople. In 1814, a clandestine organization known as the Filiki Eteria, or Society of Friends, was established with the goal of liberating Greece. It intended to initiate uprisings in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities, and Constantinople. The initial revolt commenced on February 21, 1821, in the Danubian Principalities, but was quickly suppressed by the Ottomans. These occurrences prompted Greeks in the Peloponnese to take action and on March 17, 1821, the Maniots were the first to declare war. In September 1821, the Greeks, led by Theodoros Kolokotronis, successfully captured Tripolitsa. Uprisings in Crete, Macedonia, and Central Greece erupted but were ultimately quelled. Greek naval forces achieved victories against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea, effectively preventing Ottoman reinforcements from reaching Greece by sea. Tensions arose among various Greek factions, resulting in two successive civil wars. The Ottoman Sultan summoned Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who consented to dispatch his son, Ibrahim Pasha, to Greece with an army to quell the revolt in exchange for territorial concessions. Ibrahim arrived in the Peloponnese in February 1825, successfully bringing the majority of the peninsula under Egyptian dominion by the year-end. Despite the failure of an Ottoman–Egyptian incursion into Mani, Athens succumbed, leading to a decline in revolutionary spirit. The three major powers—Russia, Britain, and France—resolved to intervene, dispatching their naval forces to Greece in 1827. They annihilated the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet during the Battle of Navarino, significantly altering the momentum in favour of the revolutionaries. In 1828, the Egyptian military retreated due to pressure from a French expeditionary contingent. The Ottoman garrisons in the Peloponnese capitulated, allowing Greek revolutionaries to reclaim central Greece. The Ottoman Empire subsequently declared war on Russia, which enabled the Russian army to advance into the Balkans. This compelled the Ottomans to concede Greek autonomy in the Treaty of Adrianople, along with semi-autonomy for Serbia and the Romanian principalities. Following nine years of conflict, Greece was acknowledged as an independent nation under the London Protocol of February 1830. Additional discussions in 1832 culminated in the London Conference and the Treaty of Constantinople, which established the definitive borders of the new state and appointed Prince Otto of Bavaria as inaugural king of Greece. #History

This article uses text information from the Wikipedia article – Greek_War_of_Independence – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence ] which is released under the -- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License – [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )] and additional terms may apply. [List of Principal Authors (5 or less) of the Wikipedia-Article on the date of this Article being Created in this Website: - Yannismarou, A. S. Brown, Cplakidas, Kyriakos, Ashmedai 119] [Use the following Authorship tool to find out the author contributions:- https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship ] [The Current Article on this Website has been paraphrased from the above linked corresponding Wikipedia-Article and You may redistribute this, verbatim or modified, provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )]

This article also uses an image from the Wikipedia article -- Greek_War_of_Independence -- [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence ] [Image: Greek war of independence painting collage, a collection of paintings from publicly available resources and wikicommons. Top left: The camp at Phaliro. Top right: The burning of the Ottoman flagship off Chios. Bottom right: The Battle of Navarino. Bottom left: Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt at the Third Siege of Missolonghi; Wikipedia-Image-Author: SJCAmerican] [Wikipedia-Image-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greek_revolution_collage.jpg ] [Image Availed Under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ] [You may copy, distribute and transmit the work (image) or share (alike) the work (image), provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license or other compatible license in distribution] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [Contents on Wikipedia is covered by -- Disclaimer – Wikipedia-Disclaimer-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer ] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
29-Mar-2026 02 am

Florence was scarcely free before she aspired to establish a town hall as a residence for a chief magistrate and a belfry to summon the populace. Whenever a community is formed in the North, or a republic is founded in the South, the yearning for a town hall and a belfry invariably becomes the foremost expression of its will, and fulfilling that yearning serves as the initial testament to its existence. Consequently, in 1298, merely sixteen years after the Florentines had secured their constitution, Arnolfo di Lapo was commissioned by the rulers to construct a palace for them, the Palazzo Vecchio. Accessing the Palazzo Vecchio involves entering through a door located approximately one-third of the way along the facade, leading into a small square courtyard. This courtyard is encircled by a portico, which is upheld by nine columns showcasing Lombard architectural style, adorned with decorative elements. At the heart of this courtyard lies a fountain, topped with a rococo Cupid who is depicted holding a fish and resting upon a porphyry basin. On the first floor lay the magnificent Council Hall, crafted under the directives of the Republic and inspired by the co8unsel of Savonarola. There, a thousand citizens could gather and deliberate in comfort. The architect, Cronaca, expedited the construction to such an extent that Savonarola would often remark that angels were his masons. The palace served as the dwelling for a standard-bearer and eight priors, with two assigned to each quarter of the city; their term of service extended for sixty days, during which they resided together, sharing meals at the same table and were prohibited from leaving their quarters. In recognition of the time and freedom each prior sacrificed for the republic, they were each compensated with ten pounds daily, equivalent to almost seven francs in French currency. The vast frescoes adorning the walls, along with the images on the ceiling, were the work of Vasari. These frescoes depicted the conflicts between the Florentines and the cities of Siena and Pisa. For the latter, Michelangelo created exquisite cartoons that have since vanished, leaving no trace of their fate. Additionally, in the other chambers of the palace, which served as living areas, there exists a significant collection of paintings from nearly the same era. #History #Architecture

[Text-Information-Source: Romantic Castles and Palaces as seen and described by famous writers, Edited by Esther Singleton (1865-1930); (Essay: Palazzo Vecchio by Alexandre Dumas)][The book is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations.] [Image: Aerial View of Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy; Image-Author: Jorge Echegaray] [Image-Source-Link: https://www.pexels.com/photo/aerial-view-of-palazzo-vecchio-in-florence-italy-19976955/ ] [License-Link: https://www.pexels.com/license/ ] [Please Also Relate to Original Image URL for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
27-Mar-2026 12 am

The Royal Château of Blois is situated in the heart of Blois, Loir-et-Cher, within the Loire Valley of France. In the year 854 CE, the castle, referred to as Blisum castrum, faced an assault by the Viking chieftain Hastein. Throughout the tenth and eleventh centuries, the Counts of Blois, who also held dominion over Chartres and Champagne, undertook the reconstruction of the fortress. This château served not only as the residence for the Counts of Blois and several French monarchs but also welcomed Joan of Arc in 1429, who sought the blessing of the Archbishop of Reims prior to her campaign to expel the English, who had captured Orléans the year before. The château maintained control over the County of Blois until 1397, subsequently over the Duchy of Orléans, and later over the Kingdom of France from 1498 to 1544. It consists of multiple structures, with construction commencing in the thirteenth century and concluding in the seventeenth century. The rectangular structure showcases four distinct architectural styles, which include remnants of a thirteenth-century medieval fortress, a Gothic-style wing from the Louis XII era, a Renaissance-style wing attributed to Francis I, and a Classical-style wing associated with Gaston of Orléans. In 1840, initiative by Prosper Mérimée resulted in the château being included on the list of historical monuments. This designation enabled the allocation of state funds for its preservation. The château is currently maintained and owned by the town of Blois and has been made accessible to the public as a museum and tourist destination. The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Blois or the Museum of Fine Arts of Blois, situated in the Louis XII wing, showcases collections of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts. #History #Architecture #Castles

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[Image: A Concrete Building with Glass Windows, Blois, France (The spiral staircase in the Francis I wing of the Royal Château of Blois); Image-Author: Kibo Silalack] [Image-Source-Link: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-concrete-building-with-glass-windows-5232007/ ] [License-Link: https://www.pexels.com/license/ ] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [Contents on Wikipedia is covered by – Disclaimer – [Wikipedia-Disclaimer-Link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer ] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things
25-Mar-2026 04 am

According to Herodotus, the Egyptians too had a revered bird, the Phoenix, which according to the citizens of Heliopolis could be rarely seen and only appears at intervals of say some five hundred years. It also regularly showed up when its father passed away and if to go by the size and character of the bird as depicted in the paintings, the bird resembled like an eagle and its feathers were golden and red in colour. According to the Egyptians, the bird carries his father departing from Arabia and arrives at the Temple of the Sun at Heliopolis, with his father being plastered up in myrrh (a scented gum resin derived from different trees in Arabia and Africa). There the bird buries his father. The bird first creates an egg first made of myrrh, which it will be able able to carry. After creating such an egg, it carries out number of attempts to make sure that whether it will be able to carry it or not. After sufficient trials the egg is hollowed in section and his father is put inside it. The hollowed egg is again plastered by myrrh and the egg weighs same as before according to the Egyptians. Finally, the egg is then transported across whole of Egypt to the temple of the Sun and buried there by the Phoenix.

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
03-Mar-2026 12 am

The Trenčín Castle is situated on a hill overlooking the town of Trenčín in western Slovakia. The castle-history traces back to the Roman Empire era, as evidenced by the inscription recounting the triumph of the II. Roman legion stationed at Laugaricio in 179 AD. The oldest structure is a stone rotunda, likely established during the Great Moravian era. During the 13th century, the castle served as the residence of Baron Jakab Cseszneky, who held the position of swordbearer to King Béla IV. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the castle served as the home of Matthew III Csák. He named the Máté Tower, a structure that overlooks both the castle outline and the town-profile. In 1335, the Treaty of Trentschin was signed at the castle among King Casimir III of Poland, King Charles I of Hungary, and King John of Bohemia. The negotiations were attended in person by King John of Bohemia, his son Charles, and Charles I of Hungary. The deputies represented King Casimir III of Poland. The castle contains exhibits from the Trenčín Museum, showcasing the history of region and the castle-past – displays of antique furniture, weaponry, paintings, and various artifacts, along with a gallery, archaeological collections, and discoveries. The castle is designated as a National Cultural Monument of Slovakia. In 2006, it drew approximately 100,000 visitors. #History #Architecture #Castles

This article uses text information from the Wikipedia article – Trenčín_Castle – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn_Castle ] which is released under the -- Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License – [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )] [List of Principal Authors (5 or less) of the Wikipedia-Article on the date of this Article being Created in this Website: - Marek. kvackaj, Lucullus19, Evrik, Vlendert, Tankred] [Use the following Authorship tool to find out the author contributions:- https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship ] [The Current Article on this Website has been paraphrased from the above linked corresponding Wikipedia-Article and You may redistribute this, verbatim or modified, provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License )]

[Image: Aerial View of the Trencin Castle, Slovakia; Image-Author: Arnis Rascal] [Image-Source-Link: https://www.pexels.com/photo/aerial-view-of-the-trencin-castle-slovakia-10241225/ ] [License-Link: https://www.pexels.com/license/ ] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents] [Contents on Wikipedia is covered by – Disclaimer – [Wikipedia-Disclaimer-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer ]] [Contents in this Website is also covered by Disclaimer linked at the bottom of the Page] [This website article means no intellectual appropriation by any way and only wishes to contribute in sharing of knowledge]

@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
16-Feb-2026 06 am

In the Werra-Meißner district of Hesse, Berlepsch Castle is a three-winged castle complex with an inner courtyard and park. It is situated about 400 meters northeast of the Witzenhausen area of Hübenthal. The distance between the castle and the Lower Saxony border is only a few hundred meters. The Berlepsch family established themselves on the Werra River, where they already possessed holdings, following the 14th-century demolition of their ancestral stronghold, Barlissen. Between 1368 and 1369, a new home was constructed on the location of the current Berlepsch Castle. The north side of the three-winged building has been surrounded by a gated defence wall since 1369. In 1400, Hessian troops demolished the castle, which was later reconstructed. In 1461, the castle was granted to the knight Sittich von Berlepsch. He encircled it with sturdy walls and fortified it with towers and outer defenses. During the 16th century, the castle was slowly enlarged in the Weser Renaissance style. The stair tower featuring its Renaissance entrance was constructed in 1593. In 1623, the castle faced another looting. In 1646, increased warnings of conflict urged the von Berlepsch family to relocate the rest of their archives to a secure site. The frequently stated claim that Goethe visited Berlepsch Castle on August 14, 1801, does not align with his correspondence, which indicates he only saw Berlepsch Castle from afar that day from the Hoher Hahn. In 1809, the castle was home to Friedrich Ludwig von Berlepsch. Between 1881 and 1894, Count Karl Friedrich von Berlepsch, followed by his son Hans from 1893, transformed the castle into its current shape through significant renovations and modifications, which feature a ceiling painting by Carl Wiederhold. These modifications are indicative of late Hanoverian Neo-Gothic architecture and were designed by architect Gustav Schönermark. The bird collection at the castle was established by ornithologist Hans von Berlepsch, while Karl von Berlepsch sometimes assembled a group of famous poets there. The coat of arms for the two Berlepsch branches is incorporated into the coat of arms stone located at the farthest of the three gates. Following World War II, Hubertus von Berlepsch transformed Berlepsch Castle into a restaurant and hotel. Both ceased operations in 1980 when Count Hans-Sittich von Berlepsch founded the Arvind Sannyasin Center for Bhagwan devotees at the castle. The center was disbanded once more in 1982. In 1984, followers of Osho established the Parimal Center at Hübenthal Manor, which was owned by the Berlepsch family. Since 2011, the castle has provided tourist services including dining options, guided tours, and frequent events. The offerings of the restaurant embodies the theme of the Middle Ages. #History #Architecture #Castles

This article uses text information from the Wikipedia article – Schloss_Berlepsch – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schloss_Berlepsch ] which is released under the -- Creative-Commons Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen – [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de ] [List of Principal Authors (5 or less) of the Wikipedia-Article on the date of this Article being Created in this Website: - 195.93.60.9, 46.114.90.22, Kreisleriana, Presse03, Commander-pirx] [Use the following Authorship tool to find out the author contributions:- https://xtools.wmcloud.org/authorship ] [The Current Article on this Website has been translated and paraphrased from the above linked corresponding Wikipedia-Article and You may redistribute this, verbatim or modified, provided that you comply with the terms of the Creative-Commons Namensnennung – Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen] [License-Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de ]

[Image: Schloss Berlepsch; Image-Author: Christina & Peter] [Image_Source-Link: https://www.pexels.com/photo/schloss-berlepsch-28431213/ ] [License-Link: https://www.pexels.com/license/ ] [Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents]
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@Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things
12-Feb-2026 05 am

In Finnish mythology, Ukko, a counterpart to Uku in Estonian mythology, is the deity of the sky, weather, harvest, and thunder. The short form of the name Ukko is Ukkonen, which is the Finnish word for thunder. It is contested by academics whether status of Ukko as the most important god in Finnish mythology is due to subsequent other religious influence. He is also referred to as the Supreme God, or Ylijumala, in folk ballads and prayers. This is likely a reference to his role as the most revered god and, on the other hand, his traditional sphere of influence in the skies. Some think that Ukko sprang from the Finnic sky deity Ilmari, but that influence of Ukko from the Indo-European sky god, particularly in the guise of Thor, was highly substantial but also far from total. Others assert that Baltic Perkūnas was original name of Ukko. Although active in myth, Ukko only makes appearances in legend based completely on natural happenings when he is invoked. Some academics contend that rather than designating a single god, the word Ukko was occasionally used as a collective noun or generalised epithet for a number of deities.

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This article also uses an image from the Wikipedia article – Ukko – [Wikipedia-Article-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukko ] [Image: Lemminkäinen tulisella järvellä (1867) by Robert Wilhelm Ekman (1808–1873). In the painting Lemminkäinen asks help from Ukko ylijumala with crossing the lake in fire on his route to the wedding at Pohjola. ] [Wikipedia-Image-Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ekman,_Lemmink%C3%A4inen_tulisella_j%C3%A4rvell%C3%A4_(sketch).jpg ] [The Work (Image) is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional, public domain work of art. The author died in 1873, so the work itself is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the life of author plus 100 years or fewer. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1931. ][Please Also Relate to Original Individual Text and Image URLs for More Usage Property and Sharing, Remixing or Attributing the Contents]
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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
03-Feb-2026 05 am

One of the best-preserved medieval fortresses of Germany is the Veste Coburg. It is situated on a hill above the town of Coburg, in the Upper Franconia area of Bavaria. On the border between Bavaria and Thuringia, the town of Coburg is dominated by Veste Coburg. The hill on which Veste Coburg stands has been inhabited from the Neolithic to the early Middle Ages, according to studies on results of excavations. Coburg is first mentioned in docment in a gift from Richeza of Lotharingia in 1056. Richeza dedicated her properties to Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne, to allow the establishment of Saalfeld Abbey in 1071. In 1075, a chapel dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul is documented on the fortified Coberg. Additionally, this document mentions a Vogt by the name of Gerhart, suggesting that the Saalfeld Benedictines managed their local holdings from the hill. A document written by Pope Honorius II in 1206 refers to a mons coburg, a hill settlement. The hill has a view of the town of Trufalistat and the vital trade route that led from Nuremberg to Leipzig via Erfurt in the thirteenth century. The word sloss meaning palace is first used in a record from 1225. The town was ruled by the Dukes of Merania during the time. The Counts of Henneberg succeeded them in 1248 and ruled Coburg until 1353, with the exception of the House of Ascania from 1292 to 1312. Friedrich, Markgraf von Meińska of the House of Wettin, took control of Coburg in 1353. His successor, Friedrich der Streitbare was bestowed the dignity of Elector of Saxony in 1423. As a result, Coburg, like other domains of the House of Wettin, was now referred to as Saxony, even though it was located in Franconia. As a result of the Hussite Wars the defenses of the Veste were expanded in 1430. Today the public can visit Veste Coburg, which now houses museums. These museums have a collection of artifacts and paintings that belonged to the ducal family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, as well as a large collection of arms and armor, important examples of early modern coaches and sleighs, and important collections of prints, drawings, and coins. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
26-Jan-2026 05 am

In ancient Dura Europos, a city on the Euphrates in modern-day Syria, the Temple of Bel, also known as the Temple of the Palmyrene gods, was situated. The temple, which dates back to the first century BCE, is famous for its wall murals. Despite the current names of the building, it is unclear which deities were worshipped there. The temple was erected in honor of Alexander Severus when Rome was in power. The temple was then situated inside the military barracks of the XXth Palmyrene cohort. Since there is no indication of Palmyrene devotion during the Parthian era when the Temple was founded, Zeus was probably the focus of worship at the time the building was constructed. The holy of holies was situated in the west, the original construction phase comprised of a wide room, to which a vestibule was added in the second building phase, and in front of the holy of holies was a courtyard, surrounded by various rooms, whose function is not yet clear. The temple is situated in the northwest of the city, abutting the city wall. The northern and western walls of the temple are formed by the city wall. At least three construction phases can be distinguished. It is well known that the god Iarhibol was worshiped in the Temple of Bēl at Dura, which served as a hub of religious activity. The impact of the Bel-Marduk religion in Palmyra around 213 BC is where the term Bel, which refers to the god, originates. In pre-Hellenistic days, Bel was revered frequently alongside Iarhibol and Aglibol as a main deity. The Aramean deity Iarhibol was revered in prehistoric Palmyra. Iarhibol has appeared in a number of reliefs, where he is seen standing next to Aglibol to his right and is identified as the sun god, a member of the triad of Bel. Without these deities, Iarhibol is never depicted in busts or reliefs, forming the trinity of the Sun, Moon, and Earth. The paintings from the temple were found in 1920 by M. C. Murphy. James Henry Breasted, who examined the paintings and the temple and published a monograph about them in 1924, was given photos of the paintings. Westerners had never heard of the location before to discovery of Murphy. It was not until much later that it was linked to the ancient settlement of Dura Europos. The discovery of wall murals at the temple aroused curiosity, and The New York Times even covered the discovery. #History #Architecture

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@Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things
22-Nov-2025 04 am

Similar to the Knights of Western Europe, Bogatyr is the equivalent mythical hero of the mediaeval East Slavs. They were historically born as members of the prestigious Druzhina warrior order under King Vladimir the Great, the Grand Prince of Kiev from 980 to 1015. According to legend, Bogatyr was a superb warrior with courage, gallantry and power. They are renowned for having a loud voice and for wanting to defend Russia against both its foes outside and their own religious ideals. The word Bogatyr in contemporary Russian refers to a valiant hero, an athlete or a physically powerful man. The epic poems are typically separated into three collections: the mythical and ancient legends, which were gathered from eras before Kiev-Rus was created and feature magic and the supernatural. The following is from the Kievan cycle, which contained the most Bogatyr tales, then is from the Novgorod cycle. Stories about these warriors were extensively featured in numerous epic poems of Kievan Rus i.e. the Bylinas, as well as multiple chronicles, such as the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle from the thirteenth century. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, the Sanskrit term - Baghadhara is the source of the word Bogatyr. The Indo-Iranian term Bhaga, which means God or Lord, is perhaps the initial constituent of the word. Bogatyr chiefly appears in the epic poem Bylinas by the Kievan Rus. Another theory links the word to the Turkish-Mongolian word Baghatur, which means Hero. While certain Bogatyrs, like the enormous Svyatogor, are purportedly mythical creations descended from Slavic paganism while other Bogatyrs are assumed to be historical individuals. Numerous authors and artists in Russian literature and art have been influenced by Bogatyrs and their noble stories, including Victor Vasnetsov, Andrei Ryabushkin as well as Alexander Pushkin, the author of the legendary fairy-lore poem Ruslan and Ludmila from 1820.

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
21-Nov-2025 05 am

The Athenians built the Athenian Treasury at Delphi to store votive offerings and dedications offered to the shrine of Apollo by their city and its residents. Parian marble is used throughout the entire treasury, including the sculptures that adorn it. Scholarly opinions on the building date vary from 510 to 480 BCE. On the route up to the sanctuary, all visitors can see the Athenian treasury, which is situated just underneath the Temple of Apollo along the Sacred route. In his description of the sanctuary, Pausanias describes the structure and asserts that it was constructed with the loot from the Battle of Marathon, which was fought against the Persians in 490 BCE. Some of the images of the metopes, which liken their victory to mythology, depict the Battle of Marathon. The Treasury made Athens one of the most powerful polis of Greece by utilizing Theseus, the founder of the city, to demonstrate the triumphs of the city. The first known large-scale sculpture of Theseus can be seen in the Athenian Treasury Metopes. Theseus had been portrayed on vase paintings before this collection, but no architectural representations have been discovered. The additional heroic figure demonstrated the growing devotion of Athenians to Theseus, even if Herakles was also portrayed in the metopes. The pairing of the two heroes served as a metaphor for the Battle of Marathon. The metopes depict identity of Athens and their perceptions of both foreign and domestic adversaries. The first Panhellenic sanctuary dedicated by Athens was the Athenian treasury. Treasuries were constructed in Delphi by a number of other city-states. The Athenian Treasury in Delphi was erected according to a conventional distyle in antis design, with two antae framing two columns. The central figures of metopes are drawn from popular Athenian mythology and depict these heroes going through their numerous hardships. The thirty metopes of the Treasury measure 67 cm in height and 62–64 cm in width. The order in which several of these metopes might have emerged is debatable, and they were discovered dispersed over the surrounding area. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
17-Nov-2025 04 am

The Roman goddess Venus Genetrix, the founding goddess of the Julian gens, is honored in the now ruined Temple of Venus Genetrix in Forum of Caesar of Rome. On September 26, 46 BCE, Julius Caesar dedicated it to the goddess. Construction on the forum and temple may have started as early as 54 BCE. Caesar dedicated the temple to Venus Victrix on the eve of the Battle of Pharsalus. In the end, he made the decision to dedicate the temple to Venus Genetrix, the mythical ancestress of the Julian line and the mother of Aeneas. On September 26, 46 BCE, the final day of the victory of Caesar, the Temple was dedicated. Octavian eventually finished the temple and forum. The fire in 80 CE caused devastation to the area. On May 12, 113 CE, Trajan renovated and rededicated the temple that Domitian had later rebuilt. After being destroyed once more in 283 CE, Diocletian repaired it. This subsequent reconstruction includes the three columns that are currently visible. Originally, the temple was situated against the saddle that connected the Quirinal Hill and the Capitoline Hill. The temple included eight columns on the facade and eight columns on each side. It was constructed of marble-faced brick. The temple had a vaulted ceiling. Statues of Julius Caesar and a statue of Venus Genetrix by Arcesilaus were among the objects placed inside the Temple. The Temple was previously filled with a contentious golden statue of Queen Cleopatra as the goddess Isis, six collections of engraved gems, a breastplate adorned with pearls from Britain, and numerous Greek paintings by Timomachus of Ajax and Medea. Corinthian order was used in the Temple-design. This included entablature, capitals, and sculpted mouldings. Dolphins, shells, and tridents were carved into one of the moldings, the cyma molding. These allude to the sea and Venus. The Temple had three fountain basins: one on each corner and one in front of the façade. #History #Architecture

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@Mythology, Legends, Folklore and Mysterious Things
16-Nov-2025 03 am

In the myths of Lithuania and Latvia, Saulė is the ubiquitous Baltic solar goddess. The traditional term for the Sun in the Lithuanian and Latvian languages is Saulė/Saule. One of the most potent gods, Saulė is the sun goddess who gave birth to all life on Earth. She is the patron goddess of the downtrodden, particularly orphans. One of the earliest documented accounts of Lithuanian mythology makes reference to Saulė. Saulė and Mėnuo, the Moon, were a married couple. Mėnuo fell in love with Aušrinė, often known as Venus or the morning star. The Thunder God, Perkūnas, chastised Mėnuo for his adultery. Various versions of this penalty exist. According to one story, Mėnuo was punished by being split in half, but he failed to learn from his faults, therefore the punishment is now repeated every month. According to a different account, Mėnuo and Saulė were divorced yet both still desired to see their daughter Žemyna or Earth. Because of this, the Moon only appears at night and the Sun shines during the day. According to a third story, either the Dievas, the Supreme God, or Saulė defaced face of Mėnuo. Aušrinė is portrayed as daughter of Saulė and servant in other stories. Fire of Saulė is lit by Aušrinė, who also gets her ready for another day of flying. Bed of Saulė is made in the evening by Vakarinė, the evening star. According to Lithuanian mythology, Saulė was mother of other planets: Indraja i.e. Jupiter, Sėlija i.e. Saturn, Žiezdrė i.e. Mars and Vaivora i.e. Mercury. Summer solstice was the time of feast of Saulė. Making wreaths, searching for the fabled fern flower, building bonfires, dancing around and jumping over them, and wishing the Sun a happy rise the following morning at 4 am were all part of the Lithuanian Rasos and Latvian Līgo celebrations. The happiest traditional holiday is this celebration. Return of Saulė is commemorated as the winter solstice.

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
11-Nov-2025 03 am

In the western Slovakian region of Trenčín, near the village of Beckov in Nové Mesto nad Váhom District, lies a castle that is in ruins called Beckov Castle. It is a cultural and national landmark, and the restorations that took place between 2002 and the final part of the 20th century gave it its current form. The original name of the castle, in Latin, was Blundix. The term was taken from the Slavic word Bludište, which reflected the challenging topography of the region. Subsequently, the name of the castle was changed to reflect that of the nearby village of Beckov. A klippe of the Hronic nappe that is effectively revealed by the Váh River is the Beckov Cliff. The fortress, which is perched on a rock beside a river, served as strategic outlook of Great Moravia. There was most likely a stone fortress constructed in the middle of the thirteenth century to guard the frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary. During the turn of the thirteenth and fourteenth century, Matthew III Csák acquired ownership of the fortress, which he reinforced. Castellans took over management of the castle after his death in 1321 A.D. Miklós Bánffy received the fortress from Louis I of Hungary in 1379 as gratitude for his participation in conflicts in the Balkans and Italy. Sigismund, King of Hungary, gave the castle to Stibor of Stiboricz of the Clan of Ostoja, a Baron with Polish ancestry, in 1388. Stibor owned 31 castles, but he picked Beckov as his residence and took extra care of it. He had the castle Gothically rebuilt to serve as the residence of his family. To make Beckov a unique place, artists from Veneto, Poland, Germany, and Bohemia worked on it. Stibor also constructed a church that featured magnificent sculptural ornamentation and paintings, including a sculpture of Black Madona that was at the time regarded as one of the most beautiful sculptures of Europe. A family coat of arms carved out of stone was located at the entryway of the chapel. Stibor Stiboric of Beckov received the castle as an inheritance upon the passing of his faher in 1414. Stibor Stiboric eventually left the estate to his daughter Katarína because he did not have a son. The royal council, however, ruled that she could only be given the traditional financial distribution of one-fourth of her the estate od her father. One day before Sigismund passed away in 1437 A.D., he gave Pál Bánffy the castle, perhaps with the understanding that he would wed Katarína, which he did. After the Ottoman Empire defeated the Kingdom of Hungary in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Bánffy family rebuilt the castle into a Renaissance fortress and aristocratic residence. In 1599, a Tatar siege was effectively repelled by the stronghold. The castle was owned by the Bánffy family until Kristóf Bánffy, the only surviving member, passed away in 1646. After the passing of Kristóf Bánffy, Beckov Castle was progressively converted into a prison and barracks. The interior and roofs of the castle were destroyed by fire in 1729, leaving it in ruins. In 1970, the castle was designated as a national cultural landmark. It underwent renovated in the last decade of the twentieth century, giving it its current appearance. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
07-Nov-2025 06 pm

The Hindu temple Veerabhadra is situated in the Lepakshi in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The shrine honors the ferocious form of Shiva, Virabhadra. Constructed in the sixteenth century, the architectural characteristics of the temple are in the Tuluva Vijayanagara style, and practically every exposed surface is covered in an abundance of paintings and carvings. It is regarded as one of the most magnificent Vijayanagara temples and one of the nationally significant sites that is centrally protected. Scenes of Rama and Krishna from the epic legends of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Puranas are depicted in the well-preserved fresco murals, which are especially detailed in vivid clothing and colors. About 200 meters from the temple is a massive Nandi, or bull, that is considered to be among the biggest of its kind in the world. It is carved from a single block of stone. The temple was constructed in 1530 AD, while 1540 AD is also cited, by two brothers from Karnataka named Virupanna Nayaka and Viranna, who served as governors of the Vijayanagar Empire at Penukonda under King Achyuta Deva Raya. They were members of warrior merchant class of Veerashaiva Vani. There are solely Kannada inscriptions in the temple. The government paid for the temple-construction. The temple-architecture is in the Vijayanagara style. The three sections of the main temple are as follows: The gathering hall is referred to as the garbhagriha or the sanctum sanctorum, the arda mantapa or antarala i.e. ante chamber, and the Mukha mantapa, Natya mantapa, or Ranga mantapa. As a structure, the temple is surrounded by two enclosures. There are three gates on the outermost walled perimeter; the northern gate is frequently used. The assembly hall, a spacious open hall with a huge area in the middle, is accessible through the inner east entrance. Shiva and his consort Parvathi are engraved on a boulder in a separate chamber located on the eastern wing of the temple complex. An image of Lord Vishnu can be found in a different shrine room. On the eastern side of the temple grounds is a massive granite rock carved like a coiled, multi-hooded serpent that serves as a canopy over a linga. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
08-Oct-2025 11 pm

In the northern Italian province of Parma, close to Langhirano, sits the 15th-century Torrechiara Castle. It is strategically located south of the city of Parma, atop a terraced hill with a view of the Parma River and the valley below. Pier Maria II de Rossi, the fourth count of San Secondo, ordered the construction of the fortress, which was completed between 1448 and 1460. The fortification demonstrates the impact of the strongholds of the Sforza family, especially Visconti-Sforza Castle. In addition to serving as an aristocratic home for the mistress of de Rossi, Bianca Pellegrini d Arluno, the castle was constructed as a defensive fortress. Bianca passed away in Torrechiara circa 1480. In 1482, Pier Maria retired to Torrechiara, where he passed away a few months later. Both of them were interred in the northeast tower of the castle, at the Oratory of San Nicomede. Over the ages, the castle saw numerous ownership changes before being designated as a national monument in 1911. The Italian State bought it the next year and let the public use it without any furnishings. The castle was mostly rebuilt between 1448 and 1460, although it dates back to the Middle Ages. It comprises four rectangular towers united by two lines of merloned walls. Many rooms in the interior are furnished with fantastical, grotesque, or realistic characteristics. The paintings in the lunettes depict Bianca Pellegrini running through Rossi and her estates in quest of her beloved; Benedetto Bembo is credited with creating the fresco cycle. The room opens up onto a broad loggiato. On December 23, 2008, a moderate earthquake with a magnitude of roughly 5.2 rocked the area, seriously damaging the castle, especially the battlement and the outside walls of San Nicomede Tower. When structural renovations were finished in 2009, some of the rooms were off-limits to the general public. On the ground floor, where the early 19th-century reconstruction of the collapsing roof slab had occurred, the San Nicomede Oratory was refurbished. The old Sala della Sera was reconstructed and repaired on the main floor of the castle, and it was positioned at the end of the row containing the Aurora, Meriggio, and Vespro chambers. 2014 saw the castle reopen in July. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
25-Sep-2025 01 am

The Orangery, the Palace Stables, and two Baroque palaces—the Upper and Lower Belvedere—make up the famous Belvedere building complex Vienna, Austria. The buildings are located in the third district of the city, on the southeast corner of the city centre, in a Baroque park setting. The Österreichische Galerie Belvedere, the Belvedere museum, is currently housed there. Baroque sculptures, magnificent wrought iron gates, and ornamental tiered fountains and cascades adorn the grounds, which are situated on a gradual gradient. Prince Eugene of Savoy used the Baroque castle complex as a summer residence. When the Belvedere was constructed, Vienna—then the seat of the Habsburg dynasty and the imperial capital—saw a surge in building activity. Following the victorious end of a string of wars against the Ottoman Empire by the commander-in-chief, Prince Eugene of Savoy, there was a time of prosperity. Prince Eugene bought a large piece of property south of the Rennweg, the main road to Hungary, on November 30, 1697, one year after work on the Stadtpalais began. Immediately, plans for the Belvedere garden complex were created. Instead of appointing Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, who designed his Stadtpalais, as the principal architect for this project, the prince selected Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt. In 1702, Hildebrandt, whom the general had met during a military expedition in Piedmont, had already constructed Ráckeve Palace for him on the Danube River island of Csepel, which is south of Budapest. In his service, he subsequently constructed a great many other edifices. He worked as a court architect in Vienna starting in 1696, according to documents. The area was totally undeveloped when the prince was seeking to purchase the land outside of Vienna for his Belvedere project; it would have been the perfect location for a summer residence and landscaped garden. Prince Eugene requested a building inspection on July 5, 1713, indicating that the Lower Belvedere-construction had begun by 1712. The gravelled walkways and clipped hedges of Belvedere Gardens were part of their formal French design. Numerous mythological allusions in the gardens hint at the ascent of Prince Eugene, with a sculpture program that associates him with the god Apollo. Although there is still a large water basin in the upper parterre, as well as stairs and cascades that connect the upper and lower parterres and are decorated by nymphs and goddesses, the patterned bedding has long since been grassed over and is presently undergoing restoration. The Canaletto Blick, a well-known viewpoint of the city centre of Vienna, is shown in the painting View of Vienna from the Belvedere by Bernardo Bellotto. When it comes to changing the skyline of the old city centre, this vista from the Upper Belvedere Palace, with the Gardens in the foreground, is still a major factor in urban planning deliberations. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
21-Aug-2025 03 am

The De Haar Castle of Netherlands is situated outside of Utrecht. In the Netherlands, it is the biggest castle. The earliest known mention of a structure at the present site of the castle is from 1391. Hendrik van Woerden gave the castle and its environs as a fiefdom to the De Haar family that year. The De Haar family owned the castle until 1440, when the last male successor passed away without having any children. The Van Zuylen family subsequently inherited the castle. Except for the portions that did not serve a military purpose, the castle-walls were completely destroyed when the castle was burned down in 1482. When the castle was reconstructed in the early 16th century, these elements were most likely added. An inventory of Steven van Zuylen from 1506 regarding his belongings and a 1536 list of fiefdoms in the province of Utrecht both make reference to the castle. The castle had been substantially restored by 1554, as evidenced by the first known image of it. The castle appears to have slowly crumbled into ruin after Johan van Zuylen van de Haar passed away without having children in 1641. The French did not completely destroy the citadel at the Rampjaar in 1672. The property was handed to his cousin Jean-Jacques van Zuylen van Nyevelt of the Catholic line in the Southern Netherlands in 1801, by Anton-Martinus van Zuylen van Nijevelt, 1708-1801, the last Catholic van Zuylen in the Netherlands. Richly ornate woodcarvings that resemble the interior of a Roman Catholic church adorn the castle-interior. This carving was created in the Roermond workshop of Cuypers, who also created the tableware design. Numerous pieces from the Rothschild collections, such as exquisite antique ceramics from China and Japan, as well as a number of antique Flemish tapestries and religiously themed paintings, adorn the interior. The focal point is a carrier coach of wife of Japanese shōgun, which is supposedly one of only two in the world; the other is on display in Tokyo. Donated from the collection of Rothschilds, this coach is a popular attraction for Japanese visitors to De Haar. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
31-May-2025 04 am

A Late Gothic castle, the Albrechtsburg was built between 1471 and roughly 1495. It is situated in the German state of Saxony, in the heart of Meissen. It is next to the Meissen Cathedral, perched on a hill above the Elbe River. During the Siege of Gana in 929, King Henry I of Germany defeated the Glomacze tribe and established a castle on a rock above the Elbe river, where their village was located. This castle, named Misnia after a local creek, served as both the center of town and the home of the Margraves of Meissen starting in 965. The Margraves of Meissen went on to win the Electorate of Saxony in 1423. Frederick I was named Elector of Saxony in 1423. Ernst and Albrecht, his grandchildren, ruled over Thuringia and Saxony combined from 1464 to 1485. In 1471, they hired renowned builder Arnold von Westfalen to construct the first German palace on the site of the former margravial castle. Court of Wettin never really made Albrechtsburg Castle its center. The builders agreed on a split of their domain in 1485, while work was still ongoing. The united administration of the two brothers was disbanded, and the territory was split in half. Ernst, brother of Albrecht, gained the remaining Thuringian territories and the Duchy of Saxony with Wittenberg, to which the electorate was connected, while Albrecht received practically the Margraviate of Meissen with the freshly constructed castle and the eventual Thuringian district. Construction was suspended in the higher northern regions between 1495 and 1500 while internal finishing work was being completed. These lands were not finished until 1521 by Jakob Heilmann, the son of Duke Albrecht, Duke Georg, 1500–1539. The first floor of the northeastern structure features a loop ribbed vault in the style of the Prague-based architect Benedikt Ried, and the room above features a fireplace that dates from this era. During that period, the balustrades of the Great Staircase Tower required figural reliefs by sculptor Christoph Walther I, whose frames feature early Renaissance forms. In 1676, the castle was dubbed Albrechtsburg in honor of one of its founding lords. However, Georg the Bearded, son of Albrecht, was the one who initially moved inside Albrechtsburg Castle. The castle suffered severe damage during the Thirty Years War. It is been vacant ever since. Only in the early 1700s, after Augustus II the Strong established the Meissen porcelain factory at the castle in 1710, did Albrechtsburg Castle come back into the public eye. European porcelain was invented two years earlier by Johann Friedrich Böttger and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. Originally, Dresden was to be the factory, but Augustus the Strong decided on the abandoned castle because to its remote position because no other place would have had such a firm grasp on the formula for producing porcelain. The white gold became internationally known when the porcelain business moved into the erstwhile princely house on June 6, 1710. The castle was abandoned once more in the middle of the 1800s when the factory was relocated to a brand-new factory structure. The old manufacturing buildings were demolished and the castle is architecture was reconstructed between 1864 and 1870. Extensive paintings adorned the late Gothic walls, taking the place of the missing furnishings. Afterwards, the Frankfurt-based, well-known artist Alexander Linnemann was also involved in this process, helping to design the new doors, for example. The Albrechtsburg Castle was opened to the public at the close of the 1800s and continues to be a popular destination for both domestic and foreign tourists. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
19-May-2025 05 am

The magnificent Frederiksborg Castle is located near Hillerød, Denmark. The biggest Renaissance mansion in Scandinavia, it was constructed as a royal palace for King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway in the early 17th century, taking the place of an earlier castle that Frederick II had acquired. Adjacent to the castle lake, Slotssøen, is a spacious formal garden designed in the Baroque style, spanning across three islets. Following a significant fire in 1859, the castle was reconstructed using historic blueprints and artwork. Its apartments were completely repaired and presented to the public as the Danish Museum of National History in 1882, thanks to the generosity of the general public and the brewer J. C. Jacobsen. The museum, which is open all year round, has biggest collection of portrait paintings in Denmark. It also gives guests the chance to see a number of the state rooms of the castles, such as the beautifully decorated and mostly spared from the fire Valdemar Room and Great Hall, as well as the Chapel and Audience Chamber. A fire engine was positioned in the castle year-round throughout the renovations. The Gøyes, a Danish aristocratic family, had long controlled the estate near Hillerød, which was once called as Hillerødsholm. Mogens Gøye, 1470–1544, Steward of the Realm, had played a key role in bringing the Danish Reformation in the 1520s and 1530s. In the northernmost of three nearby islets in the estate-lake, he resided in a half-timbered house. The land was called Hillerødsholm, which translates to islet of Hillerød. The couple became its owners after his daughter Birgitte married the courtier and naval hero Herluf Trolle in 1544. Trolle demolished the ancient structure and erected a bigger manor home in the 1540s. The first inland Danish castle was Frederiksborg Castle. Since the water had historically been the primary route of transportation, all previous castles had been located near ports or on the shore. Additionally, it was the first to be constructed entirely for leisure rather than defense. Because of its location in Hillerød, far improved roads—originally designated for the king—were developed. #History #Architecture #Castles

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09-Mar-2025 12 am

A Grade I listed moated castle, Shirburn Castle is situated in the Oxfordshire village of Shirburn, close to Watlington. Originally built in the fourteenth century, Thomas Parker, the first Earl of Macclesfield, rebuilt and remodeled it during the Georgian era, making it his family seat. In the early nineteenth century, it underwent more changes. The Macclesfield family firm still owns the castle, and the Earls of Macclesfield lived there until 2004. It once housed a significant library from the early eighteenth century, which, together with priceless paintings, sculptures, and other objects like furniture, belonged to the 9th Earl and were mostly dispersed at auction after he left the estate. Because of its fairy tale exterior and its unmodernized interior, the castle has occasionally been used as a backdrop for movies and television shows. It may be best known to the outside world through this route because it is still privately owned, no roads pass it, and it is typically closed to visitors. Furthermore, contradicting assertions in the written reports that are currently available and the lack of access granted to researchers of medieval architecture during the last one to two centuries further obfuscate the history of the castle. #History #Architecture #Castles

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31-Jan-2025 06 am

Located in Herefordshire, England, north of the village of Goodrich, Goodrich Castle is a Norman medieval castle ruin that has a strategic position between Ross-on-Wye and Monmouth. Godric of Mappestone most likely constructed Goodrich Castle as an earth and wooden stronghold following the Norman Conquest of England. The first castle was replaced with a stone keep in the middle of the 12th century. It was subsequently greatly enlarged in the late 13th century to become a concentric complex that combined opulent living rooms with substantial defenses. Over the next years, the popularity of the design of Goodrich had an impact on numerous other buildings around England. Before losing prominence as a residence in the late Tudor era, it was the seat of the powerful Talbot family. A light grey sandstone early Norman square keep with pilaster buttresses and Norman windows is at the heart of the castle. Even while the keep-walls were sturdy, its diminutive size—the solitary chambers on each floor are barely 5.5 by 4.5 meters inside—would have rendered it more practical for defense than daily life. For safety, the first-story door of the keep was eventually converted into a window, and the entrance was moved to the ground floor. In order to defend against assault, an earth mound would have been initially erected against the base of the keep, and the earliest few courses of masonry still feature rougher stonework. During the English Civil War of the 1640s, Goodrich was first held by Parliamentary forces and then by Royalist forces. In 1646, Colonel John Birch successfully besieged the castle with the aid of the massive Roaring Meg mortar, which led to the subsequent slighting of the castle and eventual collapse. However, Goodrich gained reputation as a lovely ruin by the end of the 18th century and was the focus of numerous poems and paintings. The site, which is currently owned by English Heritage and accessible to the public, was a popular tourist destination by the 20th century. #History #Architecture #Castles

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09-Jan-2025 06 am

Wilton Castle is a Norman castle from the 12th century that is situated next to the town of Ross-on-Wye on the River Wye in Herefordshire of southeast England. The manor that is connected to the castle is the source of its name. Standing largely at battlement height, this Herefordshire castle is still a reminder of its past rulers. In their day, the Longchamps of Wilton supplied the opponents of King John, the sheriffs of Hereford and the Welsh Marches, the bailiffs of Normandy, and the chancellors of England. The families of De Cantilupe and De Grey replaced them, and together they established a stronghold in Wales and the Marches. In 1292, Matilda de Grey, née de Cantilupe, falsely told King Edward I of England in court that her Longchamp ancestors had constructed the castle during the reign of Edward the Confessor. The castle was mainly associated with a branch of the Norman-descended family of Grey, the Barons Grey of Wilton, a prominent dynasty of Norman Marcher Lords in the Welsh Marches, who held it from 1308 or before. In reality, the castle could not have been built before 1154, and the barony certainly never held the Marcher Lord rights, as Lady Matilda had claimed. Following the capture of William Grey by the French at the conclusion of the defense of Guînes in 1557, the castle was sold to raise money for his ransom, and it was eventually destroyed by troops under the command of local Royalist Barnabas Scudamore during the English Civil War, which also saw sieges and skirmishes at Goodrich Castle, Ruardyn Castle, and Raglan Castle. #History #Architecture #Castles

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26-Dec-2024 01 am

Located in the North Yorkshire, England, parish of Skelton-on-Ure, Newby Hall is a rural home next to the River Ure. It is located 6 miles south of Topcliffe Castle, where the manor of Newby was once located, and 3 miles southeast of Ripon. The hall, which is a Grade I listed building, is encircled by vast gardens and houses a collection of paintings and furniture. The public is welcome to visit Newby Hall. Originally, the lords of Topcliffe Castle owned the manor of Newby. In the 1690s, Sir Edward Blackett, an MP for the Ripon constituency, purchased the manor of Newby from the Crosland family following the death of Sir John Crosland in 1670. Following the death of Blackett in 1718, his son Edward succeeded him, followed by his nephew Edward, who sold the estate to Richard Elcock in 1748. In 1762, it passed to William Weddell, his young son. Using the wealth of his great-uncle from the South Sea Company, William Weddell, MP for the Malton constituency, renovated and expanded the mansion in the 1760s. Several architects, notably John Carr and Robert Adam, designed the interior renovation. Collection of Roman antiquities by William Weddell, which he had brought back from Italy between 1764 and 1765, was kept in the building. As a tribute to her son, who was murdered by bandits in Greece in 1870, Lady Mary hired William Burges to construct the Church of Christ the Consoler on the property between 1871 and 1876. The Compton family, the current owners, are matrilineal relatives of William Weddell. The property has been restored. Major Edward Compton created the current version of the gardens, which feature woodland pathways and wide herbaceous borders. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
14-Dec-2024 02 am

Conwy in North Wales is home to Conwy Castle, a fortification. Between 1283 and 1287, Edward I, King of England, constructed it as part of his conquest of Wales. The combined defenses, which were built as part of a larger project to build the walled town of Conwy, cost about £15,000, which was a significant amount at the time. The castle was a major player in a number of conflicts during the ensuing centuries. It served as a temporary refuge for Richard II in 1399, survived the siege of Madog ap Llywelyn in the winter of 1294–1295, and was occupied for many months in 1401 by troops loyal to Owain Glyndŵr. Charles I loyalists occupied the castle after the English Civil War broke out in 1642, and they held it until 1646, when the Parliamentary army captured it. Parliament later partially slighted the castle to keep it from being used in any further uprising, and when the remaining iron and lead were removed and sold off in 1665, the castle was finally ruined. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Conwy Castle developed as a popular painting destination. The second part of the 19th century saw an increase in visitors and the beginning of restoration efforts. Cadw is in charge of running the abandoned castle as a tourist destination in the twenty-first century. Originally overlooking a significant crossing point across the River Conwy, the rectangular castle was constructed from both imported and indigenous stone and sits atop a coastal ridge. It is guarded by eight huge towers and two barbicans, and it is separated into an Inner and an Outer Ward. A postern entrance leads down to the river, which enables the castle to receive supplies from the sea. It still has oldest surviving stone machicolations of Britain. As with other Edwardian castles in North Wales, architecture of Conwy is closely related to that of the Savoy at the same time. This is likely due to the chief architect, James of Saint George, having Savoy ancestry. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
19-Oct-2024 05 pm

The castle ruin known as Pontefract Castle is located in the English West Yorkshire town of Pontefract. It is believed that King Richard II passed away there. It saw several well-known sieges during the English Civil War in the seventeenth century. Built in around 1070, Ilbert de Lacy built the castle atop a rock above All Saints Church, to the east of the town, on property that William the Conqueror had given him in exchange for his assistance during the Norman Conquest. Nonetheless, there is proof that the location was occupied in the past. The castle was originally made of wood, but over time, stone was added. Ilberts Castle was mentioned in the Domesday Survey of 1086, most likely referring to Pontefract Castle. In the 12th century, Robert de Lacy was not present to assist King Henry I when he was fighting his brother for control of the castle. For the Honour of Pontefract, Roger de Lacy gave King Richard I 3,000 marks, but the King kept the fortress. In 1199, the year John came to the throne, his successor King John awarded de Lacy the castle. Eldest son of John, Roger, succeeded him after his death in 1213. Nevertheless, Castle Donington and Pontefract Castle were seized by the King. Up until the early 14th century, the de Lacy family resided in the fortress. During the tenure of the de Lacys, the beautiful multilobate donjon was constructed. The estates of the House of Lancaster inherited the castle by marriage in 1311. Six days following his defeat at the Battle of Boroughbridge, Thomas, Earl of Lancaster, 1278–1322, was executed outside the castle walls as a result of a sentence imposed on him in the great hall by King Edward II. Because of this, the earl was martyred and his tomb at Pontefract Priory was turned into a shrine. The third son of King Edward III, John of Gaunt, received it after Henry, Duke of Lancaster. He turned the castle into his own home and lavished enormous sums of money on renovations. On June 25, 1483 in Pontefract Castle, brother of Elizabeth Woodville i.e. Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers and her son Sir Richard Grey were murdered by Richard III. Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy de Darcy, the custodian of the castle, gave the castle to the organizers of the Pilgrimage of Grace, a northern English Catholic uprising against King Henry VIII, in 1536. Because the monarch considered purported surrender of Lord Darcy to be treasonous, he was put to death. The fortress was occupied by King Henry VIII of England, who arrived on August 23, 1541, as part of his summer royal tour of the North. King James visited Pontefract Castle on April 19, 1603, while traveling south to London, and spent the night at the Bear Inn in Doncaster. The castle was part of English jointure property of his wife Anne of Denmark. At the outset of the English Civil War, Pontefract Castle was under the control of Royalists. December 1644 saw the start of the first of three sieges, which lasted until March 1644, when Marmaduke Langdale, 1st Baron Langdale of Holme, came with Royalist reinforcements and the Parliamentarian army withdrew. Artillery and mining activities during the siege caused damage, which led to the collapse of the Piper Tower. Oliver Cromwell led the last siege of Pontefract Castle in November 1648. Charles I was put to death in January. The defenders at Pontefract reached an agreement, and on March 24, 1649, Colonel Morrice turned over the castle to Major General John Lambert. On March 27, Parliament issued an order directing that Pontefract Castle be completely destroyed, leveled to the ground, and its belongings sold off. Tearing down the castle slowly after the main organized activity of slighting may have added to its ruinous state. Nonetheless, visitors can still tour the 11th-century cellars of the castle, which were used for keeping military hardware during the Civil War. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
06-Sep-2024 11 pm

Insulae, multi-story apartment buildings in ancient Rome, served a variety of residential purposes. Because there was no piped water and no way out in the event of a fire, the cheapest rooms were at the top. The majority of the windows faced the street and had iron security bars on them. Examples from the Trajan era can be seen in the Roman harbor town of Ostia, but they appear to have been concentrated in Rome and a few other locations. Livy and Vitruvius mention them in Rome, but other writers portray them as something extraordinary. It is suggested that because of their haphazard cooking arrangements and extreme crowding, Insulae were frequently unhealthy, dangerous, and prone to flames. Some renters who could afford it painted vibrant paintings on the walls to add some light and color to the small, dark chambers. There are examples of scenes from jungles with untamed animals and unusual plants. Sometimes, to give the rooms a more spacious appearance, imitation windows were painted. The rich in ancient Rome owned ornate, opulent homes. A commoner or typical home of plebeians, or apartment in a city, did not have many amenities. In Rome, the domus, or single-family home, was reserved for the wealthy. The majority of them had a closed unit layout with one or two rooms. Rome possessed 44,850 insulae and 1781 domus between 312 and 315 AD. An additional kind of accommodation for commoners was a cenaculum, which was an apartment consisting of three separate rooms: the medianum, exedra, and cubiculum. Common Roman apartments were primarily clusters of smaller and bigger buildings, without the ostentatious decorating and ostentatious display of riches found in noble-homes. Many also had narrow balconies that beg questions about their intended function because there were no doors leading to them. Luxurious homes were uncommon because the life of typical person did not revolve around living in their own home; instead, they would frequent public restrooms and participate in other group activities.

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
06-Sep-2024 04 am

Located on a promontory with a view of the River Teme, Ludlow Castle is a ruined medieval castle in the town of the same name in the English county of Shropshire. One of the earliest stone castles in England, the fortress was most likely erected by Walter de Lacy following the Norman Conquest. The castle was subsequently reinforced with a Great Tower and a sizable outer bailey during the 12th-century civil war, which saw multiple exchanges of ownership between the de Lacys and opposing claimants. Ludlow was given to Geoffrey de Geneville in the middle of the thirteenth century. He restored a portion of the inner bailey, and the castle took part in the Second Barons War. After Richard, Duke of York, inherited the castle in 1425, it played a significant role in the Wars of the Roses as a symbol of Yorkist power. The Crown came into possession of the throne in 1461 when Edward IV, son of Richard, took it. During the 16th century, Ludlow Castle had substantial renovations after being selected as the location of the Council of Wales and the Marches, thereby serving as the capital of Wales. The castle was opulently furnished by the 17th century and served as a venue for artistic events including the world premiere of masque Comus by John Milton. During the English Civil War in the 1640s, the Royalists occupied Ludlow Castle until a Parliamentarian army besieged and captured it in 1646. The castle-belongings were auctioned off, but a garrison remained there for the majority of the interim period. The council was reinstated and the castle was restored with the Restoration of 1660, but Ludlow never fully recovered from the years of the American Civil War, and the council was eventually disbanded in 1689, leaving it in disrepair. Edward, 1st Earl of Powis, his brother-in-law, purchased the castle outright in 1811 after Henry, 1st Earl of Powis, leased the estate from the Crown in 1772 and landscaped the remains significantly. The outer bailey of the castle was developed with a mansion, but the rest was substantially unaltered, drawing more and more tourists and turning it into a favorite spot for painters. Ludlow Castle was devoid of vegetation after 1900, and the Powis Estate and government agencies carried out several repairs on it during the century. The Earl of Powis still owns it and runs it as a tourist destination in the twenty-first century. #History #Architecture #Castles

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
12-Aug-2024 03 am

Located outside of Pompeii in southern Italy, the Villa of the Mysteries is a well-preserved suburban ancient Roman villa. It is well-known for the magnificent series of frescoes in Room 5, which are typically understood to depict a bride being initiated into a mystery cult of Greco-Roman mythology. These are currently among the most well-known of the rather uncommon Ancient Roman paintings from the first century BC that have survived. Similar to the entirety of Pompeii, the villa was submerged in 79 AD during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It was dug up starting in 1909. It is today a well-liked feature of Pompeii tourism and is a part of the Pompeii UNESCO World Heritage Site. The villa was constructed in the second century BC, and the Augustan era, when it underwent significant expansion and decoration, is when it achieved its pinnacle of beauty. However, recent studies suggest that the villa was constructed during the reign of Sulla, in the early first century BC. Following completion, it became a suburban villa known as a villa urbana, featuring expansive rooms and suspended gardens situated in a panoramic position. It, as with most of the city, fell into decay after the 62 AD earthquake. With the addition of agricultural tools like a wine press, it was converted into a rustic home. Wine production and sales occupied the majority of the usage of the building at that time. #History #Architecture

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@Heritage Places, Castles & Architecture
22-May-2024 02 am

Eger in Hungary is home to the Eger Castle. It is renowned for having repelled the Turkish assault during the Siege of Eger in 1552. At Felsőtárkány, close to Eger, a high hill known as Várhegy was the site of the first castle. This fortress was destroyed in the Mongol invasion of 1241, and the bishop of Eger relocated it to a rocky hill in the city. A new castle was erected on the hill, and it grew quickly. A Gothic palace was constructed in 1470. The castle had 2,100–2,300 defenders when a Turkish army of 35,000–40,000 troops attacked it in 1552. The Turks sustained significant fatalities, and the siege failed. Only 1,700 of the defenders made it out alive. Following that, in 1596, Turks besieged the castle once more, which led to a Turkish triumph. Half of the castle was demolished by the Austrians in 1701. The army used the castle as barracks until 1957, and archeological digs did not begin until 1925. The castle is home to multiple museums. The Dobó István Vármúzeum displays the historical background of the castle. Egri Képtár has a show of paintings. A network of cellars beneath the castle is visible from the Kazamaták. Panoptikum is a wax museum. #History #Architecture #Castles

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