The uilleann pipes are distinctive national bagpipe of Ireland. Their current name is a loose translation of the Irish term for pipes of the elbow i.e. píobaí uilleann, which refers to how they were inflated. Before the twentieth century, there is no actual historical evidence of the name or use of the term uilleann pipes. Grattan Flood came up with it, and the name stuck. In the event of a right-handed musician, a tiny pair of bellows are strapped around the waist and right arm; in the case of a left-handed player, the positioning and orientation of all components are inverted. The bellows not only spare the player from exerting extra effort to maintain pressure in a bag, but they also enable relatively dry air to be used to power the reeds, minimising the detrimental effects of moisture on tuning and durability. A few pipers can talk or sing while they play. The other elbow clamps down on the bag that the bellows fill, squeezing it to regulate the airflow to the reeds that produce the notes. The chanter, drones, and regulators receive air from the bag. Like a flute, the chanter is played with the fingers. Because the chanter may be overblown to produce the higher octave, unlike other bagpipe chanters, it has a range of two complete octaves, including sharps and flats. The bottom hole of the chanter is frequently covered by the thigh of the piper while being played, allowing air to only escape via the open tone holes. Because the sound stops entirely when no air is able to escape at all, a staccato effect can be produced by closing one tone hole before opening the next. Simple open pipes that play three notes spaced an octave apart serve as the three drones. These were formerly referred to as union pipes in English. People frequently believed the term -- union -- to relate to the 1800 Act of Union. It is incorrect though as Breandán Breathnach argues that the term first appears in a poem that was published in 1796
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Rituals and Customs
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