In Northumberland on the northeast coast of England, close to the settlement of Bamburgh, is a castle called Bamburgh Castle. It is a listed structure of Grade I. From its founding in around 420 to 547 A.D. , the location may have served as the capital of the kingdom of Bernicia, which was centred on the Celtic Brittonic fort known as Din Guarie. It was taken by King Ida of Bernicia in the following year. The fort was controlled by the Anglo-Saxons in 590 A.D. after three exchanges between the Britons and them. Vikings demolished the fort in 993 A.D. , and the Normans eventually constructed a new castle there, the foundation of which still stands today. The fortress belonged to the English king after a rebellion that was supported by its owner in 1095 A.D. resulted in its confiscation. Financial issues in the seventeenth century caused the castle to deteriorate, but several owners rebuilt it in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. William Armstrong, a Victorian manufacturer, eventually purchased it and finished the renovation. The castle is accessible to the general public and still belong to the Armstrong family. The site, which is a portion of the Whin Sill and is built on top of a black rock of volcanic dolerite, once housed a fort belonging to the local Celtic Britons known as Din Guarie. Between the time the kingdom of Bernicia, the sphere of Gododdin people, was established in around 420 and 547 A.D., that the fortress was first mentioned in writing, it may have served as its capital. Ida of Bernicia i.e. Beornice, an Anglo-Saxon tyrant, took control of the castle that year and made it her home. During the war of 590 A.D. , the Britons briefly retook the castle from his son Hussa before regaining it later that year. Æthelfrith, the successor of Hussa, gave it to his wife Bebba in the early 600s, who gave rise to the name Bebbanburh. The initial defence was destroyed by Vikings in 993 A.D. The current castle was based on a new castle that the Normans erected there. During a rebellion led by its lord, Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumbria, it was besieged but not successfully by William II in 1095. Following that, Bamburgh was given to the reigning English monarch. The stronghold was presumably built by Henry II because it was finished by 1164. Sir John Forster was appointed the first Governor of Bamburgh Castle by King Richard I in recognition of his assistance following the Siege of Acre in 1191 A.D. King David II was imprisoned at Bamburgh Castle after the Scots were routed at the Battle of Neville Cross in 1346. King David II was detained at Bamburgh Castle after the Scots lost the Battle of Neville Cross in 1346. The fortress was governed by Philip of Oldcoates at the time of the civil wars near the end of reign of King John. It was the first castle in England to be destroyed by artillery in the Wars of the Roses in 1464, after a nine-month blockade by Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, the Kingmaker, on behalf of the Yorkists. Up until the Crown gave possession of the church and the castle to another Sir John Forster, the Forster family of Northumberland continued to supply the Crown with succeeding governors of the castle. The family maintained possession until Sir William Forster was adjudged bankrupt after his death in 1704, at which point his holdings, along with the castle, were sold to Lord Crew, Bishop of Durham, to pay off the debts. Thomas Sharp, the Archdeacon of Northumberland, served as the board chairman of the trustees appointed by Crewe to manage the castle. After Thomas Sharp went away, John Sharp assumed control of the board of trustees. He renovated the castle keep and courtrooms and built a hospital there. William Armstrong, a Victorian industrialist, purchased the castle in 1894 and finished the repair. Pillboxes were built in the sand dunes to safeguard the castle and its surroundings from German invasion during the Second World War. In 1944, a Royal Navy corvette was given the name HMS Bamborough Castle in honour of the castle. The Armstrong family is still the owner of the castle. The castle was designated as a Grade I Listed property following the War
[Information Credit : Bamburgh_Castle, Wikipedia; Wikipedia-Link : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamburgh_Castle ]
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