The Andronovo culture is a conglomeration of related regional Late Bronze Age cultures that were active in western Siberia and the central Eurasian Steppe between the years 2000 and 1450 BC. The phrase archaeological complex or archaeological horizon has been favoured by certain researchers since it better describes the phenomenon with distinctive type of sediment, artefact, style or other cultural trait. . Formerly regarded as part of the Andronovo civilization, the somewhat older Sintashta culture between 2050–1900 BCE is now recognised as a distinct Early Andronovo cultures. According to recent study, the first stage of Andronovo culture may have started with cow grazing toward the end of the 3rd millennium BC because natural feed was easy to get by in the pastures nearby to their homes. The Andronovo perspective is typically linked to early Indo-Iranian linguistics, although it may have encompassed the early Uralic-speaking region at its northern tip. Given the higher percentage of ancestry resembling the early farmers of Europe, similar to the mixing observed in the genomes of Corded Ware population, genetic research suggests that the Andronovo culture and the earlier Sintashta culture could have partially descended from the Corded Ware culture. It is challenging to precisely define the enormous geographic reach of the culture. The roughly contemporaneous but different Srubna civilization of the Volga-Ural interfluvial overlaps with it on its western edges. It extends into the Minusinsk depression to the east and some locations extend much further west to the southern Ural Mountains, the sites of the preceding Afanasevo culture coinciding with it . Further locations can be found quite far south as the Tian Shan, the Pamir, and the Koppet Dag (all of which are in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan respectively). The Andronovo civilization was confined in the steppes of the north and west in the southern Urals-Kazakhstan during the early Sintashta-Petrovka era. Ever since during the 2nd millennium BC, the Andronovo cultures—which succeeded the non-Indo-European Okunev culture—moved intensively eastward, extending as far east as the Upper Yenisei in the Altai Mountains. These phases include the Alakul Phase between 2000–1700 BCE, the Fedorovo Phase between1850–1450 BCE and the final Alekseyevka Phase between 1400–1000 BCE. The Karasuk civilization replaced the Andronovo culture in southern Siberia and Kazakhstan between1500–800 BCE. It is also approximately concurrent with the Srubna culture, which partly descended from the Abashevo civilization, on its western boundary. The Cimmerians and Saka/Scythians, who first appear in Assyrian documents after the collapse of the Alekseyevka culture, migrated into Ukraine starting around the 9th century BCE, then across the Caucasus into Anatolia and Assyria starting in the late 8th century BCE and presumably further west into land of Europe as the Thracians and the Sigynnae. Herodotus located them beyond the Danube to the north of the Thracians, while Strabo mentioned them near the Caspian Sea. Strabo and Herodotus both described them as Iranians. [Information and Image Credit : Andronovo_culture, Wikipedia] [Image : Archaeological cultures connected to the migrations of the Indo-Iranians: The Indo-Iranian migrations are frequently linked to the Andronovo, BMAC and Yaz civilizations] [Image Availed Under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (Please Relate to Individual Image URLs for More Usage Property)] [License-Link : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en ]
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